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Interference of macroscopic beams on a beam splitter: phase uncertainty converted into photon-number uncertainty

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Spasibko,  K. Yu
Optical Technologies, Technology Development and Service Units, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Max Planck Society;
Quantum Radiation, Leuchs Division, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Max Planck Society;

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Toeppel,  F.
Optics Theory Group, Leuchs Division, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Max Planck Society;

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Iskhakov,  T. Sh
Optical Technologies, Technology Development and Service Units, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Max Planck Society;
Quantum Radiation, Leuchs Division, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Max Planck Society;

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Stobinska,  M.
Optics Theory Group, Leuchs Division, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Max Planck Society;

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Chekhova,  M. V.
Quantum Radiation, Leuchs Division, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Max Planck Society;
Chekhova Research Group, Research Groups, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Max Planck Society;
Optical Technologies, Technology Development and Service Units, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Max Planck Society;

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Leuchs,  G.
Leuchs Division, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Spasibko, K. Y., Toeppel, F., Iskhakov, T. S., Stobinska, M., Chekhova, M. V., & Leuchs, G. (2014). Interference of macroscopic beams on a beam splitter: phase uncertainty converted into photon-number uncertainty. NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS, 16: 013025. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/16/1/013025.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002D-6663-6
Abstract
Squeezed-vacuum twin beams, commonly generated through parametric downconversion, are known to have perfect photon-number correlations. According to the Heisenberg principle, this is accompanied by a huge uncertainty in their relative phase. By overlapping bright twin beams on a beam splitter, we convert phase fluctuations into photon-number fluctuations and observe this uncertainty as a typical 'U-shape' of the output photon-number distribution. This effect, although reported for atomic ensembles and giving hope for phase super-resolution, has never been observed for light beams. The shape of the normalized photon-number difference distribution is similar to the one that would be observed for high-order Fock states. It can be also mimicked by classical beams with artificially mixed phase, but without any perspective for phase super-resolution. The probability distribution at the beam splitter output can be used for filtering macroscopic superpositions at the input.