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Journal Article

Rapid evolutionary turnover underlies conserved lncRNA-genome interactions

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Georgiev,  Plamen
Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Max Planck Society;

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Ilik,  Ibrahim Avsar
Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Max Planck Society;

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Akhtar,  Asifa
Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Max Planck Society;

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http://genesdev.cshlp.org/content/30/2/191
(Publisher version)

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Citation

Quinn, J. J., Zhang, Q. C., Georgiev, P., Ilik, I. A., Akhtar, A., & Chang, H. Y. (2016). Rapid evolutionary turnover underlies conserved lncRNA-genome interactions. Genes and Development, 30, 191-207. doi:10.1101/gad.272187.115.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002C-B0EB-C
Abstract
Many long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can regulate chromatin states, but the evolutionary origin and dynamics driving lncRNA-genome interactions are unclear. We adapted an integrative strategy that identifies lncRNA orthologs in different species despite limited sequence similarity, which is applicable to mammalian and insect lncRNAs. Analysis of the roX lncRNAs, which are essential for dosage compensation of the single X chromosome in Drosophila males, revealed 47 new roX orthologs in diverse Drosophilid species across ∼40 million years of evolution. Genetic rescue by roX orthologs and engineered synthetic lncRNAs showed that altering the number of focal, repetitive RNA structures determines roX ortholog function. Genomic occupancy maps of roX RNAs in four species revealed conserved targeting of X chromosome neighborhoods but rapid turnover of individual binding sites. Many new roX-binding sites evolved from DNA encoding a pre-existing RNA splicing signal, effectively linking dosage compensation to transcribed genes. Thus, dynamic change in lncRNAs and their genomic targets underlies conserved and essential lncRNA-genome interactions.