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Biophysical Properties of Optogenetic Tools and Their Application for Vision Restoration Approaches

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Bamberg,  Ernst
Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Klapper, S. D., Swiersy, A., Bamberg, E., & Busskamp, V. (2016). Biophysical Properties of Optogenetic Tools and Their Application for Vision Restoration Approaches. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 10: 74. doi:10.3389/fnsys.2016.00074.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002D-1CF3-6
Abstract
Optogenetics is the use of genetically encoded light-activated proteins to manipulate cells in a minimally invasive way using light. The most prominent example is channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), which allows the activation of electrically excitable cells via light-dependent depolarization. The combination of ChR2 with hyperpolarizing-light-driven ion pumps such as the Cl pump halorhodopsin (NpHR) enables multimodal remote control of neuronal cells in culture, tissue, and living animals. Very soon, it became obvious that this method offers a chance of gene therapy for many diseases affecting vision. Here, we will give a brief introduction to retinal function and retinal diseases; optogenetic vision restoration strategies will be highlighted. We will discuss the functional and structural properties of rhodopsin-based optogenetic tools and analyze the potential for the application of vision restoration