Abstract
Systematic high quality oceanic in-situ precipitation measurements are requested on an international science level and are essential for improved understanding and validation of hydrological processes in satellite, re-analysis and model data. OceanRAIN, the shipboard "Ocean Rainfall And Ice-phase precipitation measurement Network" for surface validation is, to date, the only systematic long-term disdrometer-based oceanic shipboard precipitation data collection effort to establish a comprehensive statistical basis of precipitation for all climate related hotspots over the global oceans. OceanRAIN utilizes automated disdrometer systems (0DM470) capable of measuring precipitation occurrence, intensity and accumulation and discriminates for rain, snow and mixed-phase precipitation through minute-based particle size distributions. The 0DM470 was especially designed for shipboard operation under high and frequently varying wind speeds and rough sea states. This paper provides an overview on the OceanRAIN project, the instrumentation, algorithms, methodology, and data products. The procedure of the data processing chain is outlined, including calibration, shipboard operation, data ingest and quality control. The selected research ships do not circumvent high impact weather, allowing for a collection of the full precipitation spectrum including extremes. By October 2014 the fast growing OceanRAIN database comprised more than 3.7 million minutes of precipitation measurements (including true zeros) since its start in 2010. OceanRAIN aims at increasing knowledge about oceanic precipitation, improving error characterization of GPM (Global Precipitation Measurement) era precipitation retrievals, adding to the continual improvement of the satellite retrieval algorithms, as well as benchmarking existing satellite-based climatologies, re-analysis and model data. The accumulating data volume can be utilized for statistical and process study applications on different temporal and spatial scales, microphysical studies of rain and snow formation, and yields insight to the point-to-area problem of precipitation. Information on OceanRAIN including data products is available via http://www.oceanrain.org. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
