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Helically twisted photonic crystal fibres

MPS-Authors
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Russell,  P. St. J.
Russell Division, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Max Planck Society;

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Beravat,  Ramin
Russell Division, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Max Planck Society;
International Max Planck Research School, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Max Planck Society;

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Wong,  G. K. L.
Russell Division, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Russell, P. S. J., Beravat, R., & Wong, G. K. L. (2017). Helically twisted photonic crystal fibres. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES, 375(2087): 20150440. doi:10.1098/rsta.2015.0440.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0000-7E26-9
Abstract
Recent theoretical and experimental work on helically twisted photonic crystal fibres (PCFs) is reviewed. Helical Bloch theory is introduced, including a new formalism based on the tight-binding approximation. It is used to explore and explain a variety of unusual effects that appear in a range of different twisted PCFs, including fibres with a single core and fibres with N cores arranged in a ring around the fibre axis. We discuss a new kind of birefringence that causes the propagation constants of left-and rightspinning optical vortices to be non-degenerate for the same order of orbital angular momentum (OAM). Topological effects, arising from the twisted periodic 'space', cause light to spiral around the fibre axis, with fascinating consequences, including the appearance of dips in the transmission spectrum and low loss guidance in coreless PCF. Discussing twisted fibres with a single off-axis core, we report that optical activity in a PCF is opposite in sign to that seen in a step-index fibre. Fabrication techniques are briefly described and emerging applications reviewed. The analytical results of helical Bloch theory are verified by an extensive series of 'numerical experiments' based on finite-element solutions of Maxwell's equations in a helicoidal frame. This article is part of the themed issue 'Optical orbital angular momentum'.