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Dual and direction-selective mechanisms of phosphate transport by the vesicular glutamate transporter.

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Preobraschenski,  J.
Department of Neurobiology, MPI for biophysical chemistry, Max Planck Society;

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Ganzella,  M.
Department of Neurobiology, MPI for biophysical chemistry, Max Planck Society;

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Jahn,  R.
Department of Neurobiology, MPI for biophysical chemistry, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Preobraschenski, J., Chere, C., Ganzella, M., Zander, J. F., Richter, K., Schenck, S., et al. (2018). Dual and direction-selective mechanisms of phosphate transport by the vesicular glutamate transporter. Cell Reports, 23(2), 535-545. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.055.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0001-2726-9
Abstract
Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) fill synaptic vesicles with glutamate and are thus essential for glutamatergic neurotransmission. However, VGLUTs were originally discovered as members of a transporter subfamily specific for inorganic phosphate (Pi). It is still unclear how VGLUTs accommodate glutamate transport coupled to an electrochemical proton gradient ΔμH+ with inversely directed Pi transport coupled to the Na+ gradient and the membrane potential. Using both functional reconstitution and heterologous expression, we show that VGLUT transports glutamate and Pi using a single substrate binding site but different coupling to cation gradients. When facing the cytoplasm, both ions are transported into synaptic vesicles in a ΔμH+-dependent fashion, with glutamate preferred over Pi. When facing the extracellular space, Pi is transported in a Na+-coupled manner, with glutamate competing for binding but at lower affinity. We conclude that VGLUTs have dual functions in both vesicle transmitter loading and Pi homeostasis within glutamatergic neurons.