A Dwarf Planet Class Object in the 21:5 Resonance with Neptune

Holman, Matthew J.; Payne, Matthew J.; Fraser, Wesley; Lacerda, Pedro; Bannister, Michele T.; Lackner, Michael; Chen, Ying-Tung; Lin, Hsing Wen; Smith, Kenneth W.; Kokotanekova, Rosita; Young, David; Chambers, K.; Chastel, S.; Denneau, L.; Fitzsimmons, A.; Flewelling, H.; Grav, Tommy; Huber, M.; Induni, Nick; Kudritzki, Rolf-Peter; Krolewski, Alex; Jedicke, R.; Kaiser, N.; Lilly, E.; Magnier, E.; Mark, Zachary; Meech, K. J.; Micheli, M.; Murray, Daniel; Parker, Alex; Protopapas, Pavlos; Ragozzine, Darin; Veres, Peter; Wainscoat, R.; Waters, C.; Weryk, R.

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aaadb3

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A Dwarf Planet Class Object in the 21:5 Resonance with Neptune

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Kokotanekova, Rosita
Department Planets and Comets, Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Holman, M. J., Payne, M. J., Fraser, W., Lacerda, P., Bannister, M. T., Lackner, M., et al. (2018). A Dwarf Planet Class Object in the 21:5 Resonance with Neptune. Astrophysical Journal, Letters, 855(1): L6. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aaadb3.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0003-11FC-E

Abstract

We report the discovery of an H_r = 3.4 ± 0.1 dwarf planet candidate by the Pan-STARRS Outer Solar System Survey. 2010 JO₁₇₉ is red with (g − r) = 0.88 ± 0.21, roughly round, and slowly rotating, with a period of 30.6 hr. Estimates of its albedo imply a diameter of 600–900 km. Observations sampling the span between 2005 and 2016 provide an exceptionally well determined orbit for 2010 JO₁₇₉, with a semimajor axis of 78.307 ± 0.009 au; distant orbits known to this precision are rare. We find that 2010 JO179 librates securely within the 21:5 mean-motion resonance with Neptune on 100 Myr timescales, joining the small but growing set of known distant dwarf planets on metastable resonant orbits. These imply a substantial trans-Neptunian population that shifts between stability in high-order resonances, the detached population, and the eroding population of the scattering disk.