Item

Abstract

Background
During the winter in northern countries, the risk of dermatitis is
increased due to low temperature and humidity. Dermatitis is particularly com-
mon on weather-exposed skin such as the cheeks and hands. Recently, increased
numbers of unidentified nanosized protrusions on the corneocyte surface were
associated with dermatitis and deficiency of natural moisturizing factor (NMF).
Objectives
To investigate the effect of season on NMF levels and corneocyte surface
texture in cheek and hand skin of healthy adults.
Methods
Eighty healthy volunteers (40 male and 40 female) were recruited: 40
aged 18
–
40 years and 40 aged
≥
70 years. Cheek and dorsal hand skin was tape
stripped in the winter and summer. Analysis for NMF and corneocyte surface tex-
ture was done (Dermal Texture Index, DTI). Potential confounders were regis-
tered and adjusted for.
Results
In cheek skin, NMF levels were reduced and DTI elevated during the winter
compared with the summer. Older participants had higher NMF levels than younger
participants. In the summer, DTI level was dependent on self-reported ultraviolet
exposure. In hand skin, NMF levels were higher during the winter than in the sum-
mer, and female participants had higher NMF levels than male participants.
Conclusions
Seasonal effects on NMF and DTI on the cheeks and hands were found,
suggesting an influence of climatic factors at the biochemical and ultrastructural
levels. Significant variations were also observed regarding age and sex, making it
difficult to draw firm conclusions. Our study adds new pieces to the puzzle of
seasonal differences in xerosis and dermatitis.