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Paper

Towards a contrail climatology from NOAA—satellite images over Europe

MPS-Authors

Bakan,  Stephan
MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

Graßl ,  Hartmut
MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;
Universität Hamburg, Meteorologisches Institut;

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Citation

Bakan, S., Batancor, M., Gayler, V., & Graßl, H. (1993). Towards a contrail climatology from NOAA—satellite images over Europe. Report / Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, 118.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0001-899E-3
Abstract
Contrail cloudiness over Europe and the eastern part of the North Atlantic Ocean
was analyzed for the two periods Sept. 1979-Dec. 1981 and Sept. 1989-Aug. 1992
by visual inspection of quicklook photographic prints of NOAA/AVHRR infrared
images. The averaged contrail cover exhibits maximum values along the transat-
lantic flight corridor around 50°N (of almost 2%) and over western Europe resillting
in 0.5% contrail cloudiness on the average. A strong yearly cycle appears with a
maximum (< 2%) in spring and summer over the Atlantic and a smaller maximum
(< 1%) in winter over southwestern Europe. Comparing the two time periods of
one decade separation there is a significant decrease in contrail cloudiness over west-
ern Europe and a significant increase over the North Atlantic observable between
March and July. Contrail cloud cover during daytime is about twice as high as dur-
ing nighttime. Contrails are preferably found in larger fields of 1000 km diameter
which last usually for more than one day. Causes, possible errors and consequences
are discussed.