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Contribution of major FLM isoforms to temperature-dependent flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Capovilla,  G
Department Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max Planck Society;

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Symeonidi,  E
Department Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max Planck Society;

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Wu,  R
Department Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max Planck Society;

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Schmid,  M
Department Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Capovilla, G., Symeonidi, E., Wu, R., & Schmid, M. (2017). Contribution of major FLM isoforms to temperature-dependent flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Experimental Botany, 68(18), 5117-5127. doi:10.1093/jxb/erx328.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0002-047F-C
Abstract
FLOWERING LOCUS M (FLM), a component of the thermosensory flowering time pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana, is regulated by temperature-dependent alternative splicing (AS). The main splicing variant, FLM-beta, is a well-documented floral repressor that is down-regulated in response to increasing ambient growth temperature. Two hypotheses have been formulated to explain how flowering time is modulated by AS of FLM. In the first model a second splice variant, FLM-delta, acts as a dominant negative isoform that competes with FLM-beta at elevated ambient temperatures, thereby indirectly promoting flowering. Alternatively, it has been suggested that the induction of flowering at elevated temperatures is caused only by reduced FLM-beta expression. To better understand the role of the two FLM splice forms, we employed CRISPR/Cas9 technology to specifically delete the exons that characterize each splice variant. Lines that produced repressive FLM-beta but were incapable of producing FLM-delta were late flowering. In contrast, FLM-beta knockout lines that still produced FLM-delta flowered early, but not earlier than the flm-3 loss of function mutant, as would be expected if FLM-delta had a dominant-negative effect on flowering. Our data support the role of FLM-beta as a flower repressor and provide evidence that a contribution of FLM-delta to the regulation of flowering time in wild-type A. thaliana seems unlikely.