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Diradical Character Enhancement by Spacing: N-Heterocyclic Carbene Analogues of Müller's Hydrocarbon

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van Gastel,  Maurice
Research Group van Gastel, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Rottschäfer, D., Busch, J., Neumann, B., Stammler, H.-G., van Gastel, M., Kishi, R., et al. (2018). Diradical Character Enhancement by Spacing: N-Heterocyclic Carbene Analogues of Müller's Hydrocarbon. Chemistry – A European Journal, 24(62), 16537-16542. doi:10.1002/chem.201804524.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0002-A115-0
Abstract
Two‐fold C−C cross‐coupling of N‐heterocyclic carbenes [NHCs; SIPr=C(NArCH2)2, 1; IPr=C(NArCH)2, 2; Me‐IPr=C(NArCMe)2, 3; Ar=2,6‐iPr2C6H3] with 4,4′′‐diiodo‐p‐terphenyl under Ni catalysis furnished [(SIPr)(C6H4)3(SIPr)](I)2 (4), [(IPr)(C6H4)3(IPr)](I)2 (5), and [(Me‐IPr)(C6H4)3(Me‐IPr)](I)2 (6). Two‐electron reduction of 4–6 with KC8 readily afforded NHC analogues of Müller's hydrocarbon (MH), [(SIPr)(C6H4)3(SIPr)] (7), [(IPr)(C6H4)3(IPr)] (8), and [(Me‐IPr)(C6H4)3(Me‐IPr)] (9), respectively, as highly colored crystalline solids. Quantum chemical calculations suggested that the singlet ground state for 7–9 possesses a vertical singlet–triplet energy gap ΔES‐T of −7.24 to −7.60 kcal mol−1, which is significantly lower compared to that of the NHC analogues of Thiele's (TH) and Chichibabin's (CH) (18–38 kcal mol−1) hydrocarbons. Importantly, the calculated diradical character (y) of 7–9 (y≈0.6) is considerably higher compared to that of the related TH and CH (y=0.1–0.4), suggesting the open‐shell singlet character of 7–9.