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Protein denaturation at the air-water interface and how to prevent it

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D'Imprima,  Edoardo
Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max Planck Society;

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Floris,  Davide
Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max Planck Society;

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Sánchez,  Ricardo
Sofja Kovalevskaja Group, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max Planck Society;

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Kühlbrandt,  Werner       
Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

D'Imprima, E., Floris, D., Joppe, M., Sánchez, R., Grinninger, M., & Kühlbrandt, W. (2019). Protein denaturation at the air-water interface and how to prevent it. eLife, 8: e42747. doi:10.7554/eLife.42747.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0003-5474-C
Abstract
Electron cryo-microscopy analyzes the structure of proteins and protein complexes in vitrified solution. Proteins tend to adsorb to the air-water interface in unsupported films of aqueous solution, which can result in partial or complete denaturation. We investigated the structure of yeast fatty acid synthase at the air-water interface by electron cryo-tomography and single-particle image processing. Around 90% of complexes adsorbed to the air-water interface are partly denatured. We show that the unfolded regions face the air-water interface. Denaturation by contact with air may happen at any stage of specimen preparation. Denaturation at the air-water interface is completely avoided when the complex is plunge-frozen on a substrate of hydrophilized graphene.