The blazar TXS 0506+056 associated with a high-energy neutrino: insights into 
extragalactic jets and cosmic ray acceleration

Ansoldi, S.; Antonelli, L. A.; Arcaro, C.; Baack, D.; Babić, A.; Banerjee, B.; Bangale, P.; Barres de Almeida, U.; Barrio, J. A.; Becerra González, J.; Bednarek, W.; Bernardini, E.; Berse, R. Ch.; Berti, A.; Besenrieder, J.; Bhattacharyya, W.; Bigongiari, C.; Biland, A.; Blanch, O.; Bonnoli, G.; Carosi, R.; Ceribella, G.; Chatterjee, A.; Colak, S. M.; Colin, P.; Colombo, E.; Contreras, J. L.; Cortina, J.; Covino, S.; Cumani, P.; D'Elia, V.; Da Vela, P.; Dazzi, F.; De Angelis, A.; De Lotto, B.; Delfino, M.; Delgado, J.; Di Pierro, F.; Domínguez, A.; Dominis Prester, D.; Dorner, D.; Doro, M.; Einecke, S.; Elsaesser, D.; Fallah Ramazani, V.; Fattorini, A.; Fernández-Barral, A.; Ferrara, G.; Fidalgo, D.; Foffano, L.; Fonseca, M. V.; Font, L.; Fruck, C.; Gallozzi, S.; García López, R. J.; Garczarczyk, M.; Gaug, M.; Giammaria, P.; Godinović, N.; Guberman, D.; Hadasch, D.; Hahn, A.; Hassan, T.; Hayashida, M.; Herrera, J.; Hoang, J.; Hrupec, D.; Inoue, S.; Ishio, K.; Iwamura, Y.; Konno, Y.; Kubo, H.; Kushida, J.; Lamastra, A.; Lelas, D.; Leone, F.; Lindfors, E.; Lombardi, S.; Longo, F.; López, M.; Maggio, C.; Majumdar, P.; Makariev, M.; Maneva, G.; Manganaro, M.; Mannheim, K.; Maraschi, L.; Mariotti, M.; Martínez, M.; Masuda, S.; Mazin, D.; Mielke, K.; Minev, M.; Miranda, J. M.; Mirzoyan, R.; Moralejo, A.; Moreno, V.; Moretti, E.; Neustroev, V.; Niedzwiecki, A.; Nievas Rosillo, M.; Nigro, C.; Nilsson, K.; Ninci, D.; Nishijima, K.; Noda, K.; Nogués, L.; Paiano, S.; Palacio, J.; Paneque, D.; Paoletti, R.; Paredes, J. M.; Pedaletti, G.; Peñil, P.; Peresano, M.; Persic, M.; Pfrang, K.; Prada Moroni, P. G.; Prandini, E.; Puljak, I.; Garcia, J. R.; Rhode, W.; Ribó, M.; Rico, J.; Righi, C.; Rugliancich, A.; Saha, L.; Saito, T.; Satalecka, K.; Schweizer, T.; Sitarek, J.; Šnidarić, I.; Sobczynska, D.; Stamerra, A.; Strzys, M.; Surić, T.; Tavecchio, F.; Temnikov, P.; Terzić, T.; Teshima, M.; Torres-Albà, N.; Tsujimoto, S.; Vanzo, G.; Vazquez Acosta, M.; Vovk, I.; Ward, J. E.; Will, M.; Zarić, D.; Cerruti, Matteo

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The blazar TXS 0506+056 associated with a high-energy neutrino: insights into extragalactic jets and cosmic ray acceleration

MPS-Authors

Ansoldi, S.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Antonelli, L. A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Arcaro, C.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Baack, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Babić, A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Banerjee, B.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Bangale, P.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Barres de Almeida, U.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Barrio, J. A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Becerra González, J.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Bednarek, W.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Bernardini, E.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Berse, R. Ch.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Berti, A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Besenrieder, J.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Bhattacharyya, W.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Bigongiari, C.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Biland, A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Blanch, O.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Bonnoli, G.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Carosi, R.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Ceribella, G.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Chatterjee, A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Colak, S. M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Colin, P.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Colombo, E.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Contreras, J. L.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Cortina, J.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Covino, S.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Cumani, P.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

D'Elia, V.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Da Vela, P.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Dazzi, F.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

De Angelis, A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

De Lotto, B.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Delfino, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Delgado, J.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Di Pierro, F.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Domínguez, A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Dominis Prester, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Dorner, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Doro, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Einecke, S.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Elsaesser, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Fallah Ramazani, V.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Fattorini, A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Fernández-Barral, A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Ferrara, G.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Fidalgo, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Foffano, L.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Fonseca, M. V.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Font, L.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Fruck, C.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Gallozzi, S.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

García López, R. J.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Garczarczyk, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Gaug, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Giammaria, P.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Godinović, N.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Guberman, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Hadasch, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Hahn, A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Hassan, T.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Hayashida, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Herrera, J.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Hoang, J.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Hrupec, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Inoue, S.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Ishio, K.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Iwamura, Y.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Konno, Y.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Kubo, H.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Kushida, J.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Lamastra, A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Lelas, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Leone, F.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Lindfors, E.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Lombardi, S.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Longo, F.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

López, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Maggio, C.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Majumdar, P.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Makariev, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Maneva, G.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Manganaro, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Mannheim, K.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Maraschi, L.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Mariotti, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Martínez, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Masuda, S.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Mazin, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Mielke, K.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Minev, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Miranda, J. M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Mirzoyan, R.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Moralejo, A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Moreno, V.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Moretti, E.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Neustroev, V.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Niedzwiecki, A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Nievas Rosillo, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Nigro, C.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Nilsson, K.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Ninci, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Nishijima, K.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Noda, K.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Nogués, L.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Paiano, S.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Palacio, J.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Paneque, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Paoletti, R.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Paredes, J. M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Pedaletti, G.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Peñil, P.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Peresano, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Persic, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Pfrang, K.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Prada Moroni, P. G.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Prandini, E.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Puljak, I.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Garcia, J. R.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Rhode, W.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Ribó, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Rico, J.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Righi, C.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Rugliancich, A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Saha, L.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Saito, T.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Satalecka, K.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Schweizer, T.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Sitarek, J.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Šnidarić, I.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Sobczynska, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Stamerra, A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Strzys, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Surić, T.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Tavecchio, F.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Temnikov, P.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Terzić, T.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Teshima, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Torres-Albà, N.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Tsujimoto, S.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Vanzo, G.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Vazquez Acosta, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Vovk, I.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Ward, J. E.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Will, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Zarić, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Cerruti, Matteo
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

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Citation

Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arcaro, C., Baack, D., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., et al. (2018). The blazar TXS 0506+056 associated with a high-energy neutrino: insights into extragalactic jets and cosmic ray acceleration. Astrophysical Journal Letters, (863), L10. Retrieved from https://publications.mppmu.mpg.de/?action=search&mpi=MPP-2018-370.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0003-F7B7-8

Abstract

A neutrino with energy of $\sim$290 TeV, IceCube-170922A, was detected in coincidence with the BL Lac object TXS~0506+056 during enhanced gamma-ray activity, with chance coincidence being rejected at $\sim 3\sigma$ level. We monitored the object in the very-high-energy (VHE) band with the MAGIC telescopes for $\sim$41 hours from 1.3 to 40.4 days after the neutrino detection. Day-timescale variability is clearly resolved. We interpret the quasi-simultaneous neutrino and broadband electromagnetic observations with a novel one-zone lepto-hadronic model, based on interactions of electrons and protons co-accelerated in the jet with external photons originating from a slow-moving plasma sheath surrounding the faster jet spine. We can reproduce the multiwavelength spectra of TXS 0506+056 with neutrino rate and energy compatible with IceCube-170922A, and with plausible values for the jet power of $\sim 10^{45} - 4 \times 10^{46} {\rm erg \ s^{-1}}$. The steep spectrum observed by MAGIC is concordant with internal $\gamma\gamma$ absorption above a few tens of GeV entailed by photohadronic production of a $\sim$290 TeV neutrino, corroborating a genuine connection between the multi-messenger signals. In contrast to previous predictions of predominantly hadronic emission from neutrino sources, the gamma-rays can be mostly ascribed to inverse Compton up-scattering of external photons by accelerated electrons. The X-ray and VHE bands provide crucial constraints on the emission from both accelerated electrons and protons. We infer that the maximum energy of protons in the jet co-moving frame can be in the range $\sim 10^{14}$ to $10^{18}$ eV.