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Abstract

Adaptation to the environment during development influences the life‐long survival of an animal. While brain‐wide proteomic changes are expected to underlie such experience‐driven physiological and behavioral flexibility, we currently lack a comprehensive overview of the nature and extent of the proteomic regulation following an environmental challenge during development. In this study, we identified the brain proteome of larval zebrafish and determined how it is altered by an exposure to a natural and physical environmental challenge, namely prolonged exposure to strong water currents. We present here the most comprehensive zebrafish brain proteome published to date. Furthermore, we identified 57 proteins that are regulated by the exposure to an environmental challenge, which covered multiple functions including neuronal plasticity, the stress response, axonal growth and guidance, spatial learning, and energy metabolism. These represent candidate proteins that may play crucial roles for the adaption to an environmental challenge during development.