Abstract
The comparison of a population of Bartlettia stefanensis (MORICAND, 1856) from the upper
Amazon basin with that of Anodontites tenebricosus (LEA, 1834) from the Uruguay River system
revealed many differences in the shell morphology and in the structure of the soft parts, including the
mantle lobe margins, exhalant and inhalant siphons, demibranchs, marsupium, foot, protractor and retractor muscles, visceral mass, labial palps and stomach.
The comparative microanatomical studies revealed differences in the labial palp folds and gill
filaments.
The species were compared with the other Neotropical unionoids which are anatomically described.
The relationships between the species are discussed, and the position of Bartlettia within the family
Etheriidae was confirmed. This family is closely related to Mycetopodidae and Mutelidae, all of which
form the superfamily Muteloidea.