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Journal Article

Limnogeological studies of maar lake Ranu Klindungan, East Java, Indonesia

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Citation

Scharf, B. W., Pirrung, M., Boehrer, B., Büchel, G., Friese, K., Kusel-Fetzmann, E., et al. (2001). Limnogeological studies of maar lake Ranu Klindungan, East Java, Indonesia. Amazoniana: Limnologia et Oecologia Regionalis Systematis Fluminis Amazonas, 16(3/4), 487-516.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0004-967C-8
Abstract
Ranu Klindungan is a lake at the northern lowlands of East Java close to the northern slope of the Tengger
Caldera. Outcrops of phreatomagmatic base surge deposits at the inner southern crater slope indicate that
the lake is situated in a maar crater. The lake has a surface of 2.1 km2 and a maximum depth of 126 m.
Details to the morphometry are given. Groundwater inflow must be high. The lake is oligomictic and eutrophicated with a shallow epilimnion and a large anoxic hypolimnion. Mn, Fe, and TP have distinct
peaks at the upper hypolimnion, probably caused by the groundwater inflow. Profundal sediments of Ranu
Klindungan consist of carbonaceous diatom-gyttja and frequent turbidites. Often the fine layered sediments
reveal a distinct cyclicity of layers of diatoms, carbonate and finally terrigenous material. Probably the
diatom and carbonate layers represent the dry season (June-October), whereas the terrigenous layer is
deposited by distal turbidites during the rain season (November-May). We interpret these cycles as varves.
Despite tropical weathering, silt-sized minerals in terrigenous layers are mainly fresh feldspars, which
points to rapid transport and embedding of these components. Thicker intraclast-turbidites may be
associated with strong precipitation events during the rain season. The diatom record confirms this
hypothesis: diatom layers are rich in complete valves of planktonic forms, whereas in the terrigenous layers
few, mostly broken, valves of littoral species occur. The high proportion of turbidites contributes to the
near-horizontal profundal lake bottom.