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Journal Article

Star Formation Efficiency per Free-fall Time in nearby Galaxies

MPS-Authors

Utomo,  Dyas
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Sun,  Jiayi
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Leroy,  Adam K.
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Kruijssen,  J. M. Diederik
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Schinnerer,  Eva
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Schruba,  Andreas
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Bigiel,  Frank
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Blanc,  Guillermo A.
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Chevance,  Mélanie
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Emsellem,  Eric
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Herrera,  Cinthya
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Hygate,  Alexander P. S.
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Kreckel,  Kathryn
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Ostriker,  Eve C.
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Pety,  Jerome
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Querejeta,  Miguel
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Rosolowsky,  Erik
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Sandstrom,  Karin M.
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Usero,  Antonio
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

External Resource

https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApJ...861L..18U
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Citation

Utomo, D., Sun, J., Leroy, A. K., Kruijssen, J. M. D., Schinnerer, E., Schruba, A., et al. (2018). Star Formation Efficiency per Free-fall Time in nearby Galaxies. The Astrophysical Journal, 861.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0005-CA8E-8
Abstract
We estimate the star formation efficiency per gravitational free-fall time, {∊ }ff}, from observations of nearby galaxies with resolution matched to the typical size of a giant molecular cloud. This quantity, {∊ }ff}, is theoretically important but so far has only been measured for Milky Way clouds or inferred indirectly in a few other galaxies. Using new, high-resolution CO imaging from the Physics at High Angular Resolution in nearby Galaxies-Atacama Large Millimeter Array (PHANGS-ALMA) survey, we estimate the gravitational free-fall time at 60-120 pc resolution, and contrast this with the local molecular gas depletion time in order to estimate {∊ }ff}. Assuming a constant thickness of the molecular gas layer (H = 100 pc) across the whole sample, the median value of {∊ }ff} in our sample is 0.7%. We find a mild scale dependence, with higher {∊ }ff} measured at coarser resolution. Individual galaxies show different values of {∊ }ff}, with the median {∊ }ff} ranging from 0.3% to 2.6%. We find the highest {∊ }ff} in our lowest- mass targets, reflecting both long free-fall times and short depletion times, though we caution that both measurements are subject to biases in low-mass galaxies. We estimate the key systematic uncertainties, and show the dominant uncertainty to be the estimated line-of-sight (LOS) depth through the molecular gas layer and the choice of star formation tracers.