Distributed Star Formation throughout the Galactic Center Cloud Sgr B2

Ginsburg, Adam; Bally, John; Barnes, Ashley; Bastian, Nate; Battersby, Cara; Beuther, Henrik; Brogan, Crystal; Contreras, Yanett; Corby, Joanna; Darling, Jeremy; De Pree, Chris; Galván-Madrid, Roberto; Garay, Guido; Henshaw, Jonathan; Hunter, Todd; Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik; Longmore, Steven; Lu, Xing; Meng, Fanyi; Mills, Elisabeth A. C.; Ott, Juergen; Pineda, Jaime E.; Sánchez-Monge, Álvaro; Schilke, Peter; Schmiedeke, Anika; Walker, Daniel; Wilner, David

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Distributed Star Formation throughout the Galactic Center Cloud Sgr B2

MPS-Authors

Ginsburg, Adam
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Bally, John
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Barnes, Ashley
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Bastian, Nate
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Battersby, Cara
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Beuther, Henrik
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Brogan, Crystal
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Contreras, Yanett
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Corby, Joanna
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Darling, Jeremy
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

De Pree, Chris
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Galván-Madrid, Roberto
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Garay, Guido
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Henshaw, Jonathan
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Hunter, Todd
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Longmore, Steven
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Lu, Xing
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Meng, Fanyi
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Mills, Elisabeth A. C.
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Ott, Juergen
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Pineda, Jaime E.
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Sánchez-Monge, Álvaro
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Schilke, Peter
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Schmiedeke, Anika
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Walker, Daniel
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Wilner, David
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

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https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApJ...853..171G
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Citation

Ginsburg, A., Bally, J., Barnes, A., Bastian, N., Battersby, C., Beuther, H., et al. (2018). Distributed Star Formation throughout the Galactic Center Cloud Sgr B2. The Astrophysical Journal, 853.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0005-CD9A-7

Abstract

We report ALMA observations with resolution ≈0.″5 at 3 mm of the extended Sgr B2 cloud in the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ). We detect 271 compact sources, most of which are smaller than 5000 au. By ruling out alternative possibilities, we conclude that these sources consist of a mix of hypercompact H II regions and young stellar objects (YSOs). Most of the newly detected sources are YSOs with gas envelopes that, based on their luminosities, must contain objects with stellar masses {M}_*≳ 8 {M}_☉. Their spatial distribution spread over a ̃12 × 3 pc region demonstrates that Sgr B2 is experiencing an extended star formation event, not just an isolated “starburst” within the protocluster regions. Using this new sample, we examine star formation thresholds and surface density relations in Sgr B2. While all of the YSOs reside in regions of high column density (N({{{H}}}₂)≳ 2× {10}²³ {cm}}^-2), not all regions of high column density contain YSOs. The observed column density threshold for star formation is substantially higher than that in solar vicinity clouds, implying either that high-mass star formation requires a higher column density or that any star formation threshold in the CMZ must be higher than in nearby clouds. The relation between the surface density of gas and stars is incompatible with extrapolations from local clouds, and instead stellar densities in Sgr B2 follow a linear {{{Σ }}}_*{--}{{{Σ }}}_gas} relation, shallower than that observed in local clouds. Together, these points suggest that a higher volume density threshold is required to explain star formation in CMZ clouds.