Deep observations of the globular cluster M15 with the MAGIC telescopes

MAGIC Collaboration,; Acciari, V.A.; Ansoldi, S.; Antonelli, L.A.; Arbet Engels, A.; Baack, D.; Babić, A.; Banerjee, B.; Barres de Almeida, U.; Barrio, J.A.; Becerra González, J.; Bednarek, W.; Bernardini, E.; Berti, A.; Besenrieder, J.; Bhattacharyya, W.; Bigongiari, C.; Biland, A.; Blanch, O.; Bonnoli, G.; Busetto, G.; Carosi, R.; Ceribella, G.; Cikota, S.; Colak, S.M.; Colin, P.; Colombo, E.; Contreras, J.L.; Cortina, J.; Covino, S.; D'Elia, V.; Da Vela, P.; Dazzi, F.; De Angelis, A.; De Lotto, B.; Delfino, M.; Delgado, J.; Di Pierro, F.; Do Souto Espiñera, E.; Domínguez, A.; Dominis Prester, D.; Dorner, D.; Doro, M.; Einecke, S.; Elsaesser, D.; Fallah Ramazani, V.; Fattorini, A.; Fernández-Barral, A.; Ferrara, G.; Fidalgo, D.; Foffano, L.; Fonseca, M.V.; Font, L.; Fruck, C.; Galindo, D.; Gallozzi, S.; García López, R.J.; Garczarczyk, M.; Gasparyan, S.; Gaug, M.; Giammaria, P.; Godinović, N.; Green, D.; Guberman, D.; Hadasch, D.; Hahn, A.; Herrera, J.; Hoang, J.; Hrupec, D.; Inoue, S.; Ishio, K.; Iwamura, Y.; Kubo, H.; Kushida, J.; Kuveždić, D.; Lamastra, A.; Lelas, D.; Leone, F.; Lindfors, E.; Lombardi, S.; Longo, F.; López, M.; López-Oramas, A.; Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B.; Maggio, C.; Majumdar, P.; Makariev, M.; Mallamaci, M.; Maneva, G.; Manganaro, M.; Mannheim, K.; Maraschi, L.; Mariotti, M.; Martínez, M.; Masuda, S.; Mazin, D.; Minev, M.; Miranda, J.M.; Mirzoyan, R.; Molina, E.; Moralejo, A.; Moreno, V.; Moretti, E.; Munar-Adrover, P.; Neustroev, V.; Niedzwiecki, A.; Nievas Rosillo, M.; Nigro, C.; Nilsson, K.; Ninci, D.; Nishijima, K.; Noda, K.; Nogués, L.; Nöthe, M.; Paiano, S.; Palacio, J.; Paneque, D.; Paoletti, R.; Paredes, J.M.; Pedaletti, G.; Peñil, P.; Peresano, M.; Persic, M.; Prada Moroni, P.G.; Prandini, E.; Puljak, I.; Garcia, J.R.; Rhode, W.; Ribó, M.; Rico, J.; Righi, C.; Rugliancich, A.; Saha, L.; Sahakyan, N.; Saito, T.; Satalecka, K.; Schweizer, T.; Sitarek, J.; Šnidarić, I.; Sobczynska, D.; Somero, A.; Stamerra, A.; Strzys, M.; Surić, T.; Tavecchio, F.; Temnikov, P.; Terzić, T.; Teshima, M.; Torres-Albà, N.; Tsujimoto, S.; van Scherpenberg, J.; Vanzo, G.; Vazquez Acosta, M.; Vovk, I.; Will, M.; Zarić, D.

doi:10.1093/mnras/stz179

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Deep observations of the globular cluster M15 with the MAGIC telescopes

MPS-Authors

MAGIC Collaboration,
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Acciari, V.A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Ansoldi, S.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Antonelli, L.A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Arbet Engels, A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Baack, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Babić, A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Banerjee, B.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Barres de Almeida, U.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Barrio, J.A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Becerra González, J.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Bednarek, W.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Bernardini, E.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Berti, A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Besenrieder, J.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Bhattacharyya, W.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Bigongiari, C.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Biland, A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Blanch, O.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Bonnoli, G.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Busetto, G.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Carosi, R.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Ceribella, G.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Cikota, S.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Colak, S.M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Colin, P.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Colombo, E.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Contreras, J.L.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Cortina, J.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Covino, S.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

D'Elia, V.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Da Vela, P.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Dazzi, F.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

De Angelis, A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

De Lotto, B.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Delfino, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Delgado, J.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Di Pierro, F.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Do Souto Espiñera, E.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Domínguez, A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Dominis Prester, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Dorner, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Doro, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Einecke, S.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Elsaesser, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Fallah Ramazani, V.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Fattorini, A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Fernández-Barral, A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Ferrara, G.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Fidalgo, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Foffano, L.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Fonseca, M.V.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Font, L.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Fruck, C.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Galindo, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Gallozzi, S.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

García López, R.J.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Garczarczyk, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Gasparyan, S.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Gaug, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Giammaria, P.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Godinović, N.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Green, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Guberman, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Hadasch, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Hahn, A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Herrera, J.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Hoang, J.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Hrupec, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Inoue, S.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Ishio, K.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Iwamura, Y.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Kubo, H.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Kushida, J.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Kuveždić, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Lamastra, A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Lelas, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Leone, F.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Lindfors, E.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Lombardi, S.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Longo, F.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

López, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

López-Oramas, A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Maggio, C.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Majumdar, P.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Makariev, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Mallamaci, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Maneva, G.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Manganaro, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Mannheim, K.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Maraschi, L.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Mariotti, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Martínez, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Masuda, S.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Mazin, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Minev, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Miranda, J.M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Mirzoyan, R.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Molina, E.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Moralejo, A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Moreno, V.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Moretti, E.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Munar-Adrover, P.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Neustroev, V.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Niedzwiecki, A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Nievas Rosillo, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Nigro, C.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Nilsson, K.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Ninci, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Nishijima, K.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Noda, K.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Nogués, L.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Nöthe, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Paiano, S.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Palacio, J.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Paneque, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Paoletti, R.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Paredes, J.M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Pedaletti, G.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Peñil, P.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Peresano, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Persic, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Prada Moroni, P.G.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Prandini, E.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Puljak, I.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Garcia, J.R.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Rhode, W.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Ribó, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Rico, J.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Righi, C.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Rugliancich, A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Saha, L.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Sahakyan, N.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Saito, T.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Satalecka, K.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Schweizer, T.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Sitarek, J.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Šnidarić, I.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Sobczynska, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Somero, A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Stamerra, A.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Strzys, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Surić, T.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Tavecchio, F.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Temnikov, P.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Terzić, T.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Teshima, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Torres-Albà, N.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Tsujimoto, S.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

van Scherpenberg, J.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Vanzo, G.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Vazquez Acosta, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Vovk, I.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Will, M.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

Zarić, D.
Max Planck Institute for Physics, Max Planck Society and Cooperation Partners;

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Citation

MAGIC Collaboration, Acciari, V., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L., Arbet Engels, A., Baack, D., et al. (2019). Deep observations of the globular cluster M15 with the MAGIC telescopes. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 484, 2876. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz179.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0005-D693-3

Abstract

A population of globular clusters (GCs) has been recently established by the Fermi-LAT telescope as a new class of GeV $\gamma$-ray sources. Leptons accelerated to TeV energies, in the inner magnetospheres of MSPs or in their wind regions, should produce $\gamma$-rays through the inverse Compton scattering in the dense radiation field from the huge population of stars. We have conducted deep observations of the globular cluster M15 with the MAGIC telescopes and used 165 hrs in order to search for $\gamma$-ray emission. A strong upper limit on the TeV $\gamma$-ray flux $<3.2\times 10^{-13}\mathrm{cm^{-2}s^{-1}}$ above 300 GeV ($<0.26\%$ of the Crab nebula flux) has been obtained. We interpret this limit as a constraint on the efficiency of the acceleration of leptons in the magnetospheres of the MSPs. We constrain the injection rate of relativistic leptons, $\eta_{\rm e}$, from the MSPs magnetospheres and their surrounding. We conclude that $\eta_{\rm e}$ must be lower than expected from the modelling of high energy processes in MSP inner magnetospheres. For leptons accelerated with the power law spectrum in the MSP wind regions, $\eta_{\rm e}$ is constrained to be much lower than derived for the wind regions around classical pulsars. These constraints are valid for the expected range of magnetic field strengths within the GC and for the range of likely energies of leptons injected from the inner magnetospheres, provided that the leptons are not removed from the globular cluster very efficiently due to advection process. We discuss consequences of these constraints for the models of radiation processes around millisecond pulsars.