Oncogenic signaling alters cell shape and mechanics to facilitate cell division 
under confinement

Matthews, Helen K; Ganguli, Sushila; Plak, Katarzyna; Taubenberger, Anna V.; Win, Zaw; Williamson, Max; Piel, Matthieu; Guck, Jochen; Baum, Buzz

doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2020.01.004

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Oncogenic signaling alters cell shape and mechanics to facilitate cell division under confinement

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Guck, Jochen
Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden;
Guck Division, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Max Planck Society;
Guck Division, Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Matthews, H. K., Ganguli, S., Plak, K., Taubenberger, A. V., Win, Z., Williamson, M., et al. (2020). Oncogenic signaling alters cell shape and mechanics to facilitate cell division under confinement. Developmental Cell, 52(5), 563-573. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2020.01.004.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0006-0A5B-A

Abstract

To divide in a tissue, both normal and cancer cells become spherical and mechanically stiffen as they enter mitosis. We investigated the effect of oncogene activation on this process in normal epithelial cells. We found that short-term induction of oncogenic RasV12 activates downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK-ERK) signaling to alter cell mechanics and enhance mitotic rounding, so that RasV12-expressing cells are softer in interphase but stiffen more upon entry into mitosis. These RasV12-dependent changes allow cells to round up and divide faithfully when confined underneath a stiff hydrogel, conditions in which normal cells and cells with reduced levels of Ras-ERK signaling suffer multiple spindle assembly and chromosome segregation errors. Thus, by promoting cell rounding and stiffening in mitosis, oncogenic RasV12 enables cells to proliferate under conditions of mechanical confinement like those experienced by cells in crowded tumors.