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Abstract

Summary Plastid-encoded genes are coordinately transcribed by the nucleus-encoded RNA polymerase (NEP) and the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP). Resulting primary transcripts are frequently subject to RNA editing by C-to-U conversions at specific sites. The physiological role of many editing events is largely unknown. Here, we have used the CRISPR/Cas9 technique in rice to knock out a member of the PLS-DYW subfamily of pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins. We found that OsPPR16 is responsible for a single editing event at position 545 in the chloroplast rpoB mRNA, resulting in an amino acid change from serine to leucine in the β-subunit of the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase. In striking contrast to loss-of-function mutations of the putative orthologue in Arabidopsis, which were reported to have no visible phenotype, knock-out of OsPPR16 leads to impaired accumulation of RpoB, reduced expression of PEP-dependent genes and a pale phenotype during early plant development. Thus, by editing the rpoB mRNA, OsPPR16 is required for faithful plastid transcription, which in turn is required for chlorophyll synthesis and efficient chloroplast development. Our results provide new insights into the interconnection of the finely tuned regulatory mechanisms that operate at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels of plastid gene expression.