Three mechanisms for bar thickening

Sellwood, J. A.; Gerhard, Ortwin

doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1336

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Three mechanisms for bar thickening

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Gerhard, Ortwin
Optical and Interpretative Astronomy, MPI for Extraterrestrial Physics, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Sellwood, J. A., & Gerhard, O. (2020). Three mechanisms for bar thickening. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 495(3), 3175-3191. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1336.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0006-F93B-0

Abstract

We present simulations of bar-unstable stellar discs in which the bars thicken into box/peanut shapes. Detailed analysis of the evolution of each model revealed three different mechanisms for thickening the bars. The first mechanism is the well-known buckling instability, the second is the vertical excitation of bar orbits by passage through the 2:1 vertical resonance, and the third is a gradually increasing fraction of bar orbits trapped into this resonance. Since bars in many galaxies may have formed and thickened long ago, we have examined the models for fossil evidence in the velocity distribution of stars in the bar, finding a diagnostic to discriminate between a bar that had buckled from the other two mechanisms.