TETs compete with DNMT3 activity in pluripotent cells at thousands of 
methylated somatic enhancers

Charlton, Jocelyn; Jung, Eunmi J.; Mattei, Alexandra L.; Bailly, Nina; Liao, Jing; Martin, Eric J.; Gießelmann, Pay; Brändl, Björn; Stamenova, Elena K.; Müller, Franz-Josef; Kiskinis, Evangelos; Gnirke, Andreas; Smith, Zachary D.; Meissner, Alexander

doi:10.1038/s41588-020-0639-9

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TETs compete with DNMT3 activity in pluripotent cells at thousands of methylated somatic enhancers

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Charlton, Jocelyn
Dept. of Genome Regulation (Head: Alexander Meissner), Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Society;

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Mattei, Alexandra L.
Dept. of Genome Regulation (Head: Alexander Meissner), Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Society;

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Bailly, Nina
Dept. of Genome Regulation (Head: Alexander Meissner), Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Society;

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Gießelmann, Pay
Dept. of Genome Regulation (Head: Alexander Meissner), Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Society;

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Brändl, Björn
Dept. of Genome Regulation (Head: Alexander Meissner), Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Society;

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Müller, Franz-Josef
Cellular Phenotyping (Franz-Josef Müller), Dept. of Genome Regulation, (Head: Alexander Meissner), Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Society;

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Meissner, Alexander
Dept. of Genome Regulation (Head: Alexander Meissner), Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Charlton, J., Jung, E. J., Mattei, A. L., Bailly, N., Liao, J., Martin, E. J., et al. (2020). TETs compete with DNMT3 activity in pluripotent cells at thousands of methylated somatic enhancers. Nature Genetics, 52(8), 819-827. doi:10.1038/s41588-020-0639-9.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0007-67A2-E

Abstract

Mammalian cells stably maintain high levels of DNA methylation despite expressing both positive (DNMT3A/B) and negative (TET1-3) regulators. Here, we analyzed the independent and combined effects of these regulators on the DNA methylation landscape using a panel of knockout human embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines. The greatest impact on global methylation levels was observed in DNMT3-deficient cells, including reproducible focal demethylation at thousands of normally methylated loci. Demethylation depends on TET expression and occurs only when both DNMT3s are absent. Dynamic loci are enriched for hydroxymethylcytosine and overlap with subsets of putative somatic enhancers that are methylated in ESCs and can be activated upon differentiation. We observe similar dynamics in mouse ESCs that were less frequent in epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) and scarce in somatic tissues, suggesting a conserved pluripotency-linked mechanism. Taken together, our data reveal tightly regulated competition between DNMT3s and TETs at thousands of somatic regulatory sequences within pluripotent cells.