Identification of the state of palladium in various hydrogenation catalysts by 
XPS

Noack, Klaus; Zbinden, Heinz; Schlögl, Robert

doi:/10.1007/BF00765697

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Identification of the state of palladium in various hydrogenation catalysts by XPS

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Schlögl, Robert
Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Noack, K., Zbinden, H., & Schlögl, R. (1990). Identification of the state of palladium in various hydrogenation catalysts by XPS. Catalysis Letters, 4, 145-156. doi:/10.1007/BF00765697.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0008-52E7-7

Abstract

Various commercial supported palladium hydrogenation catalysts were studied by XPS and treated at ambient pressure with hydrogen and air. Unused catalysts exhibit a significant fraction of divalent Pd (oxide) which is reduced by hydrogen treatment at room temperature. Exposure to air in systems with carbonate, alumina, silica or active carbon as support causes the formation of a solid solution of oxygen in Pd characterized by a Pd 3d chemical shift of ca. + 0.4 eV. The absolute binding energy of Pd depends strongly on the matrix, indicating a significant contribution of extra-atomic screening, which prevents a direct comparison of reference samples and supported catalysts. Using the oxidation of CO to CO₂ at 300 K as in situ chemical probe it was confirmed that Pd supported on carbonate, silica and alumina exists in the same metallic state which could be activated for the test reaction irrespective of the variation in XPS binding energies.