Constraining the nature of the PDS 70 protoplanets with VLTI/GRAVITY

Wang, J. J.; Vigan, A.; Lacour, S.; Nowak, M.; Stolker, T.; Rosa, R. J. De; Ginzburg, S.; Gao, P.; Abuter, R.; Amorim, A.; Asensio-Torres, R.; Bauböck, M.; Benisty, M.; Berger, J. P.; Beust, H.; Beuzit, J.-L.; Blunt, S.; Boccaletti, A.; Bohn, A.; Bonnefoy, M.; Bonnet, H.; Brandner, W.; Cantalloube, F.; Caselli, P.; Charnay, B.; Chauvin, G.; Choquet, E.; Christiaens, V.; Clénet, Y.; du Foresto, V. Coudé; Cridland, A.; de Zeeuw, P. T.; Dembet, R.; Dexter, J.; Drescher, A.; Duvert, G.; Eckart, A.; Eisenhauer, F.; Facchini, S.; Gao, F.; Garcia, P.; Lopez, R. Garcia; Gardner, T.; Gendron, E.; Genzel, R.; Gillessen, S.; Girard, J.; Haubois, X.; Heißel, G.; Henning, T.; Hinkley, S.; Hippler, S.; Horrobin, M.; Houllé, M.; Hubert, Z.; Jiménez-Rosales, A.; Jocou, L.; Kammerer, J.; Keppler, M.; Kervella, P.; Meyer, M.; Kreidberg, L.; Lagrange, A.-M.; Lapeyrère, V.; Le Bouquin, J.-B.; Léna, P.; Lutz, D.; Maire, A.-L.; Ménard, F.; Mérand, A.; Mollière, P.; Monnier, J. D.; Mouillet, D.; Müller, A.; Nasedkin, E.; Ott, T.; Otten, G. P. P. L.; Paladini, C.; Paumard, T.; Perraut, K.; Perrin, G.; Pfuhl, O.; Pueyo, L.; Rameau, J.; Rodet, L.; Rodríguez-Coira, G.; Rousset, G.; Scheithauer, S.; Shangguan, J.; Shimizu, T.; Stadler, J.; Straub, O.; Straubmeier, C.; Sturm, E.; Tacconi, L. J.; Dishoeck, E. F. van; Vincent, F.; Fellenberg, S. D. von; Ward-Duong, K.; Widmann, F.; Wieprecht, E.; Wiezorrek, E.; Woillez, J.

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abdb2d

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Constraining the nature of the PDS 70 protoplanets with VLTI/GRAVITY

MPS-Authors

/persons/resource/persons216131

Bauböck, M.
Infrared and Submillimeter Astronomy, MPI for Extraterrestrial Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons133043

Caselli, P.
Center for Astrochemical Studies at MPE, MPI for Extraterrestrial Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons225865

de Zeeuw, P. T.
Infrared and Submillimeter Astronomy, MPI for Extraterrestrial Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons146381

Dexter, J.
Infrared and Submillimeter Astronomy, MPI for Extraterrestrial Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons254980

Drescher, A.
Infrared and Submillimeter Astronomy, MPI for Extraterrestrial Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons4766

Eisenhauer, F.
Infrared and Submillimeter Astronomy, MPI for Extraterrestrial Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons214427

Gao, F.
Infrared and Submillimeter Astronomy, MPI for Extraterrestrial Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons4590

Genzel, R.
Infrared and Submillimeter Astronomy, MPI for Extraterrestrial Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons4768

Gillessen, S.
Infrared and Submillimeter Astronomy, MPI for Extraterrestrial Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons216133

Jiménez-Rosales, A.
Infrared and Submillimeter Astronomy, MPI for Extraterrestrial Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons4584

Lutz, D.
Infrared and Submillimeter Astronomy, MPI for Extraterrestrial Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons16190

Ott, T.
Infrared and Submillimeter Astronomy, MPI for Extraterrestrial Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons232571

Shangguan, J.
Infrared and Submillimeter Astronomy, MPI for Extraterrestrial Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons206401

Shimizu, T.
Infrared and Submillimeter Astronomy, MPI for Extraterrestrial Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons248280

Stadler, J.
Infrared and Submillimeter Astronomy, MPI for Extraterrestrial Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons232635

Straub, O.
Infrared and Submillimeter Astronomy, MPI for Extraterrestrial Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons4650

Sturm, E.
Infrared and Submillimeter Astronomy, MPI for Extraterrestrial Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons4582

Tacconi, L. J.
Infrared and Submillimeter Astronomy, MPI for Extraterrestrial Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons4714

Dishoeck, E. F. van
Infrared and Submillimeter Astronomy, MPI for Extraterrestrial Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons206120

Fellenberg, S. D. von
Infrared and Submillimeter Astronomy, MPI for Extraterrestrial Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons214431

Widmann, F.
Infrared and Submillimeter Astronomy, MPI for Extraterrestrial Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons16329

Wieprecht, E.
Infrared and Submillimeter Astronomy, MPI for Extraterrestrial Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons16335

Wiezorrek, E.
Infrared and Submillimeter Astronomy, MPI for Extraterrestrial Physics, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Wang, J. J., Vigan, A., Lacour, S., Nowak, M., Stolker, T., Rosa, R. J. D., et al. (2021). Constraining the nature of the PDS 70 protoplanets with VLTI/GRAVITY. Astronomical Journal, 161(3): 148. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abdb2d.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0008-5489-F

Abstract

We present K-band interferometric observations of the PDS 70 protoplanets along with their host star using VLTI/GRAVITY. We obtained K-band spectra and 100 μas precision astrometry of both PDS 70 b and c in two epochs, as well as spatially resolving the hot inner disk around the star. Rejecting unstable orbits, we found a nonzero eccentricity for PDS 70 b of 0.17 ± 0.06, a near-circular orbit for PDS 70 c, and an orbital configuration that is consistent with the planets migrating into a 2:1 mean motion resonance. Enforcing dynamical stability, we obtained a 95% upper limit on the mass of PDS 70 b of 10 M_Jup, while the mass of PDS 70 c was unconstrained. The GRAVITY K-band spectra rules out pure blackbody models for the photospheres of both planets. Instead, the models with the most support from the data are planetary atmospheres that are dusty, but the nature of the dust is unclear. Any circumplanetary dust around these planets is not well constrained by the planets' 1–5 μm spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and requires longer wavelength data to probe with SED analysis. However with VLTI/GRAVITY, we made the first observations of a circumplanetary environment with sub-astronomical-unit spatial resolution, placing an upper limit of 0.3 au on the size of a bright disk around PDS 70 b.