Discovery and confirmation of the shortest gamma ray burst from a collapsar

Ahumada, Tomas; Singer, Leo P.; Anand, Shreya; Coughlin, Michael W.; Kasliwal, Mansi M.; Ryan, Geoffrey; Andreoni, Igor; Cenko, S. Bradley; Fremling, Christoffer; Kumar, Harsh; Pang, Peter T. H.; Burns, Eric; Cunningham, Virginia; Dichiara, Simone; Dietrich, Tim; Svinkin, Dmitry S.; Almualla, Mouza; Castro-Tirado, Alberto J.; De, Kishalay; Dunwoody, Rachel; Gatkine, Pradip; Hammerstein, Erica; Iyyani, Shabnam; Mangan, Joseph; Perley, Dan; Purkayastha, Sonalika; Bellm, Eric; Bhalerao, Varun; Bolin, Bryce; Bulla, Mattia; Cannella, Christopher; Chandra, Poonam; Duev, Dmitry A.; Frederiks, Dmitry; Gal-Yam, Avishay; Graham, Matthew; Ho, Anna Y. Q.; Hurley, Kevin; Karambelkar, Viraj; Kool, Erik C.; Kulkarni, S. R.; Mahabal, Ashish; Masci, Frank; McBreen, Sheila; Pandey, Shashi B.; Reusch, Simeon; Ridnaia, Anna; Rosnet, Philippe; Rusholme, Benjamin; Carracedo, Ana Sagues; Smith, Roger; Soumagnac, Maayane; Stein, Robert; Troja, Eleonora; Tsvetkova, Anastasia; Walters, Richard; Valeev, Azamat F.

doi:10.1038/s41550-021-01428-7

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Discovery and confirmation of the shortest gamma ray burst from a collapsar

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Dietrich, Tim
Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;
Multi-messenger Astrophysics of Compact Binaries, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Ahumada, T., Singer, L. P., Anand, S., Coughlin, M. W., Kasliwal, M. M., Ryan, G., et al. (2021). Discovery and confirmation of the shortest gamma ray burst from a collapsar. Nature Astronomy, 2021. doi:10.1038/s41550-021-01428-7.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0008-DF3F-8

Abstract

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are among the brightest and most energetic events in
the universe. The duration and hardness distribution of GRBs has two clusters,
now understood to reflect (at least) two different progenitors. Short-hard GRBs
(SGRBs; T90 <2 s) arise from compact binary mergers, while long-soft GRBs
(LGRBs; T90 >2 s) have been attributed to the collapse of peculiar massive
stars (collapsars). The discovery of SN 1998bw/GRB 980425 marked the first
association of a LGRB with a collapsar and AT 2017gfo/GRB 170817A/GW170817
marked the first association of a SGRB with a binary neutron star merger,
producing also gravitational wave (GW). Here, we present the discovery of
ZTF20abwysqy (AT2020scz), a fast-fading optical transient in the Fermi
Satellite and the InterPlanetary Network (IPN) localization regions of GRB
200826A; X-ray and radio emission further confirm that this is the afterglow.
Follow-up imaging (at rest-frame 16.5 days) reveals excess emission above the
afterglow that cannot be explained as an underlying kilonova (KN), but is
consistent with being the supernova (SN). Despite the GRB duration being short
(rest-frame T90 of 0.65 s), our panchromatic follow-up data confirms a
collapsar origin. GRB 200826A is the shortest LGRB found with an associated
collapsar; it appears to sit on the brink between a successful and a failed
collapsar. Our discovery is consistent with the hypothesis that most collapsars
fail to produce ultra-relativistic jets.