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Electrical impedance analysis of leaky epithelia: theory, techniques, and leak artifact problems

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Kottra,  Gabor
Department of Physiology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max Planck Society;

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Frömter,  Eberhard
Department of Physiology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Gordon, L. G., Kottra, G., & Frömter, E. (1989). Electrical impedance analysis of leaky epithelia: theory, techniques, and leak artifact problems. In S. Fleischer, & B. Fleischer (Eds.), Methods in Enzymology (pp. 642-663). doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(89)71036-3.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0008-E51B-8
Abstract
Publisher Summary: This chapter describes the key technical concepts of the combined transepithelial and intraepithelial impedance analysis that offers a new dimension to the exploration of the intraepithelial organization of ion transport barriers. In addition, the chapter summarizes a series of experiments in which the influence of various leaks on impedance measurements is systematically investigated. The observations from the experiments explain the basis of local inhomogeneities in current density that occur in the low-frequency range and disappear in the high-frequency range when the capacitive membrane elements effectively short-circuit the epithelia. The data presented helps the experimenter in recognizing leak artifacts in measurements and finding ways to avoid those artifacts, and these observations may serve as a starting point for the development of new techniques of leak identification in a more general sense.