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Abstract

Cu clusters of diameters less than 10 nm were selected as models to study oxidation as a function of size, chemical composition, and structure. The investigations were performed with high-resolution electron microscopy. It was shown that beginning with multiply twinned particles as stable structures for particles with diameters less than 5 nm and of cuboctahedra for larger particles, in the transitional state between pure metal and oxide both states can coexist within the same particle; this latter can be proved by HRTEM. It was also demonstrated that this is due to incorporating distortions as step dislocations within grain boundaries which can be shown in electron micrographs of high resolution better than 0.18 nm after image processing. The creation of sub-oxides with less reactivity than the pure metal clusters could also be demonstrated leading to morphologies which are different from those of the pure metal.