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Journal Article

Stochastic properties of the frequency dynamics in real and synthetic power grids

MPS-Authors

Anvari,  Mehrnaz
Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Max Planck Society;

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Kantz,  Holger
Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Max Planck Society;

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1909.09110.pdf
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Citation

Anvari, M., Gorjao, L. R., Timme, M., Witthaut, D., Schaefer, B., & Kantz, H. (2020). Stochastic properties of the frequency dynamics in real and synthetic power grids. Physical Review Research, 2(1): 013339. doi:10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.013339.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0009-003A-6
Abstract
The frequency constitutes a key state variable of electrical power grids. However, as the frequency is subject to several sources of fluctuations, ranging from renewable volatility to demand fluctuations and dispatch, it is strongly dynamic. Yet, the statistical and stochastic properties of the frequency fluctuation dynamics are far from fully understood. Here we analyze properties of power-grid frequency trajectories recorded from different synchronous regions. We highlight the non-Gaussian and still approximately Markovian nature of the frequency statistics. Furthermore, we find that the frequency displays significant fluctuations exactly at the time intervals of regulation and trading, confirming the need of having a regulatory and market design that respects the technical and dynamical constraints in future highly renewable power grids. Finally, employing a recently proposed synthetic model for the frequency dynamics, we combine our statistical and stochastic analysis and analyze in how far dynamically modeled frequency properties match the ones of real trajectories.