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Satellite navigation for meteorological purposes: Inverse referencing for NOAA-N and ERS-1 imagers with a 1 km nadir pixel size

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Graßl,  Hartmut
MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Klokočník, J., Kostelecký, J., Graßl, H., Schlüssel, P., Pospíšilová, L., Gooding, R., et al. (1994). Satellite navigation for meteorological purposes: Inverse referencing for NOAA-N and ERS-1 imagers with a 1 km nadir pixel size. Acta Astronautica, 32, 363-376. doi:10.1016/0094-5765(94)90158-9.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000A-25F2-B
Abstract
Iterative methods for inverse referencing from mean orbital elements or osculating position and velocity, accounting for all necessary orbital perturbations with respect to given nadir pixel size, are described. [Inverse referencing means that the geodetic coordinates of a point on the surface are given and the corresponding image coordinates (scan line number and pixel number) are obtained from satellite orbital elements or coordinates.] The idea is to treat a pixel like a satellite tracking station on the ground. This permits the use of existing software for the computation of satellite ephemerides and orbit determination. The time of culmination of a satellite over the pixel and the off-nadir angle at that moment have been computed. Two variants for such a computation have been tested. Numerical results for the NOAA-N meteorological satellites and ERS-1 are presented. The present state of our software for inverse referencing should fulfil ordinary requirements posed by meteorologists. For NOAA-N satellites, the accuracy achieved roughly the nadir pixel size. The main obstacle to an increase in accuracy is the low quality of the mean orbital elements usually available. For ERS-1, the accuracy may achieve a level of 100 m. A software package, containing versions of the FORTRAN 77 programs PIXPO 3, PIXPO 4 and PIXPOSC, for various data types, including US-2 line or TBUS mean elements or a state vector, is available for scientific exchange. © 1994.