Multiple hominin dispersals into Southwest Asia over the past 400,000 years

Groucutt, Huw S.; White, Tom S.; Scerri, Eleanor M. L.; Andrieux, Eric; Clark-Wilson, Richard; Breeze, Paul S.; Armitage, Simon J.; Stewart, Mathew; Drake, Nick; Louys, Julien; Price, Gilbert J.; Duval, Mathieu; Parton, Ash; Candy, Ian; Carleton, W. Christopher; Shipton, Ceri; Jennings, Richard P.; Zahir, Muhammad; Blinkhorn, James; Blockley, Simon; Al-Omari, Abdulaziz; Alsharekh, Abdullah M.; Petraglia, Michael D.

doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03863-y

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Multiple hominin dispersals into Southwest Asia over the past 400,000 years

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Groucutt, Huw S.
Max Planck Research Group Extreme Events, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society;
Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society;

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Scerri, Eleanor M. L.
Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society;
Lise Meitner Pan-African Evolution Research Group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society;

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Stewart, Mathew
Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society;
Max Planck Research Group Extreme Events, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society;

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Drake, Nick
Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society;

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Carleton, W. Christopher
Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society;
Max Planck Research Group Extreme Events, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society;

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Zahir, Muhammad
Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society;

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Blinkhorn, James
Lise Meitner Pan-African Evolution Research Group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society;

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Petraglia, Michael D.
Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Groucutt, H. S., White, T. S., Scerri, E. M. L., Andrieux, E., Clark-Wilson, R., Breeze, P. S., et al. (2021). Multiple hominin dispersals into Southwest Asia over the past 400,000 years. Nature, 597(7876): s41586-021-03863-y, pp. 376-380. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03863-y.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0009-2059-F

Abstract

Pleistocene hominin dispersals out of, and back into, Africa necessarily involved traversing the diverse and often challenging environments of Southwest Asia1–4. Archaeological and palaeontological records from the Levantine woodland zone document major biological and cultural shifts, such as alternating occupations by Homo sapiens and Neanderthals. However, Late Quaternary cultural, biological and environmental records from the vast arid zone that constitutes most of Southwest Asia remain scarce, limiting regional-scale insights into changes in hominin demography and behaviour1,2,5. Here we report a series of dated palaeolake sequences, associated with stone tool assemblages and vertebrate fossils, from the Khall Amayshan 4 and Jubbah basins in the Nefud Desert. These findings, including the oldest dated hominin occupations in Arabia, reveal at least five hominin expansions into the Arabian interior, coinciding with brief ‘green’ windows of reduced aridity approximately 400, 300, 200, 130–75 and 55 thousand years ago. Each occupation phase is characterized by a distinct form of material culture, indicating colonization by diverse hominin groups, and a lack of long-term Southwest Asian population continuity. Within a general pattern of African and Eurasian hominin groups being separated by Pleistocene Saharo-Arabian aridity, our findings reveal the tempo and character of climatically modulated windows for dispersal and admixture.