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Journal Article

The ICON Earth System Model Version 1.0

MPS-Authors
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Jungclaus,  Johann H.       
Director’s Research Group OES, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

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Lorenz,  Stephan
Applied Mathematics and Computational Physics (AMCP), The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

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Schmidt,  Hauke       
Global Circulation and Climate, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

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Brovkin,  Victor       
Climate-Biogeosphere Interaction, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

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Brüggemann,  Nils
Director’s Research Group OES, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

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Chegini,  Fatemeh
Ocean Biogeochemistry, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

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Crueger,  Traute
Global Circulation and Climate, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

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de Vrese,  Philipp
Climate-Biogeosphere Interaction, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

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Gayler,  Veronika       
Climate-Biogeosphere Interaction, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

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Giorgetta,  Marco A.       
Wave Driven Circulations, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

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Gutjahr,  Oliver
Director’s Research Group OES, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

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Haak,  Helmut
Director’s Research Group OES, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

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Ilyina,  Tatiana       
Ocean Biogeochemistry, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

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Korn,  Peter
Applied Mathematics and Computational Physics (AMCP), The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

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Kröger,  Jürgen
Decadal Climate Predictions - MiKlip, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

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Linardakis,  Leonidas
Computational Infrastructure and Model Development (CIMD), Scientific Computing Lab (ScLab), MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

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Mehlmann,  Carolin
Computational Infrastructure and Model Development (CIMD), Scientific Computing Lab (ScLab), MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

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Mikolajewicz,  Uwe
Ocean Physics, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

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Müller,  Wolfgang A.
Decadal Climate Predictions - MiKlip, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

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Nabel,  Julia E. M. S.       
Computational Infrastructure and Model Development (CIMD), Scientific Computing Lab (ScLab), MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;
Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Society;

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Notz,  Dirk
Max Planck Research Group The Sea Ice in the Earth System, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

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Pohlmann,  Holger
The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

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Putrasahan,  Dian       
Ocean Statistics, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37299

Raddatz,  Thomas
Computational Infrastructure and Model Development (CIMD), Scientific Computing Lab (ScLab), MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

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Ramme,  Lennart
Director’s Research Group OES, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;
IMPRS on Earth System Modelling, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37303

Redler,  Rene       
Computational Infrastructure and Model Development (CIMD), Scientific Computing Lab (ScLab), MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37304

Reick,  Christian H.
Climate Vegetation Dynamics, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

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Riddick,  Thomas
Climate-Biogeosphere Interaction, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

Sam,  Teffy
MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

Schneck,  Rainer
MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

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Schnur,  Reiner       
Computational Infrastructure and Model Development (CIMD), Scientific Computing Lab (ScLab), MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

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von Storch,  Jin-Song       
Ocean Statistics, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

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Wieners,  Karl-Hermann
Computational Infrastructure and Model Development (CIMD), Scientific Computing Lab (ScLab), MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

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Stevens,  Bjorn       
Director’s Research Group AES, The Atmosphere in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

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Marotzke,  Jochem       
Director’s Research Group OES, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

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Claussen,  Martin       
Climate Vegetation Dynamics, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

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JAMES_2022 - Jungclaus - ICON.pdf
(Publisher version), 13MB

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Citation

Jungclaus, J. H., Lorenz, S., Schmidt, H., Brovkin, V., Brüggemann, N., Chegini, F., et al. (2022). The ICON Earth System Model Version 1.0. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 14: e2021MS002813. doi:10.1029/2021MS002813.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0009-4AD6-3
Abstract
This work documents ICON-ESM 1.0, the first version of a coupled model based 19 on the ICON framework 20 • Performance of ICON-ESM is assessed by means of CMIP6 DECK experiments 21 at standard CMIP-type resolution 22 • ICON-ESM reproduces the observed temperature evolution. Biases in clouds, winds, 23 sea-ice, and ocean properties are larger than in MPI-ESM. Abstract 25 This work documents the ICON-Earth System Model (ICON-ESM V1.0), the first cou-26 pled model based on the ICON (ICOsahedral Non-hydrostatic) framework with its un-27 structured, icosahedral grid concept. The ICON-A atmosphere uses a nonhydrostatic dy-28 namical core and the ocean model ICON-O builds on the same ICON infrastructure, but 29 applies the Boussinesq and hydrostatic approximation and includes a sea-ice model. The 30 ICON-Land module provides a new framework for the modelling of land processes and 31 the terrestrial carbon cycle. The oceanic carbon cycle and biogeochemistry are repre-32 sented by the Hamburg Ocean Carbon Cycle module. We describe the tuning and spin-33 up of a base-line version at a resolution typical for models participating in the Coupled 34 Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). The performance of ICON-ESM is assessed by 35 means of a set of standard CMIP6 simulations. Achievements are well-balanced top-of-36 atmosphere radiation, stable key climate quantities in the control simulation, and a good 37 representation of the historical surface temperature evolution. The model has overall bi-38 ases, which are comparable to those of other CMIP models, but ICON-ESM performs 39 less well than its predecessor, the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model. Problem-40 atic biases are diagnosed in ICON-ESM in the vertical cloud distribution and the mean 41 zonal wind field. In the ocean, sub-surface temperature and salinity biases are of con-42 cern as is a too strong seasonal cycle of the sea-ice cover in both hemispheres. ICON-43 ESM V1.0 serves as a basis for further developments that will take advantage of ICON-44 specific properties such as spatially varying resolution, and configurations at very high 45 resolution. 46 Plain Language Summary 47 ICON-ESM is a completely new coupled climate and earth system model that ap-48 plies novel design principles and numerical techniques. The atmosphere model applies 49 a non-hydrostatic dynamical core, both atmosphere and ocean models apply unstruc-50 tured meshes, and the model is adapted for high-performance computing systems. This 51 article describes how the component models for atmosphere, land, and ocean are cou-52 pled together and how we achieve a stable climate by setting certain tuning parameters 53 and performing sensitivity experiments. We evaluate the performance of our new model 54 by running a set of experiments under pre-industrial and historical climate conditions 55 as well as a set of idealized greenhouse-gas-increase experiments. These experiments were 56 designed by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) and allow us to com-57 pare the results to those from other CMIP models and the predecessor of our model, the 58 Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Earth System Model. While we diagnose overall 59 satisfactory performance, we find that ICON-ESM features somewhat larger biases in 60 several quantities compared to its predecessor at comparable grid resolution. We empha-61 size that the present configuration serves as a basis from where future development steps 62 will open up new perspectives in earth system modelling