Preparation of individual magnetic sub-levels of 4He(23S1) in a supersonic beam 
using laser optical pumping and magnetic hexapole focusing

Sixt, Tobias; Guan, Jiwen; Tsoukala, Alexandra; Hofsäss, Simon; Muthu-Arachchige, Thilina; Stienkemeier, Frank; Dulitz, Katrin

doi:10.1063/5.0048323

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Preparation of individual magnetic sub-levels of ⁴He(2³S₁) in a supersonic beam using laser optical pumping and magnetic hexapole focusing

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Hofsäss, Simon
Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg;
Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Sixt, T., Guan, J., Tsoukala, A., Hofsäss, S., Muthu-Arachchige, T., Stienkemeier, F., et al. (2021). Preparation of individual magnetic sub-levels of ⁴He(2³S₁) in a supersonic beam using laser optical pumping and magnetic hexapole focusing. Review of Scientific Instruments, 92(7): 073203. doi:10.1063/5.0048323.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0009-44B3-0

Abstract

We compare two different experimental techniques for the magnetic-sub-level preparation of metastable ⁴He in the 2³S₁ level in a supersonic beam, namely, magnetic hexapole focusing and optical pumping by laser radiation. At a beam velocity of v = 830 m/s, we deduce from a comparison with a particle trajectory simulation that up to 99% of the metastable atoms are in the M_J″ = +1 sub-level after magnetic hexapole focusing. Using laser optical pumping via the 2³P₂–2³S₁ transition, we achieve a maximum efficiency of 94% ± 3% for the population of the M_J″ = +1 sub-level. For the first time, we show that laser optical pumping via the 2³P₁–2³S₁ transition can be used to selectively populate each of the three M_J″ sub-levels (M_J″ = −1, 0, +1). We also find that laser optical pumping leads to higher absolute atom numbers in specific M_J″ sub-levels than magnetic hexapole focusing.