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Journal Article

Cross-reactive CD4+ T cells enhance SARS-CoV-2 immune responses upon infection and vaccination

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Giesecke-Thiel,  Claudia
Flow Cytometry Facility (Head: Claudia Giesecke-Thiel), Scientific Service (Head: Christoph Krukenkamp), Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Society;

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Loyal_2021.pdf
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Citation

Loyal, L., Braun, J., Henze, L., Kruse, B., Dingeldey, M., Reimer, U., et al. (2021). Cross-reactive CD4+ T cells enhance SARS-CoV-2 immune responses upon infection and vaccination. Science. doi:10.1126/science.abh1823.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0009-4DBA-0
Abstract
The functional relevance of pre-existing cross-immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is a subject of intense debate. Here, we show that human endemic coronavirus (HCoV)-reactive and SARS-CoV-2-cross-reactive CD4+ T cells are ubiquitous but decrease with age. We identified a universal immunodominant coronavirus-specific spike peptide (S816-830) and demonstrate that pre-existing spike- and S816-830-reactive T cells were recruited into immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and their frequency correlated with anti-SARS-CoV-2-S1-IgG antibodies. Spike-cross-reactive T cells were also activated after primary BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccination displaying kinetics similar to secondary immune responses. Our results highlight the functional contribution of pre-existing spike-cross-reactive T cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Cross-reactive immunity may account for the unexpectedly rapid induction of immunity following primary SARS-CoV-2 immunization and the high rate of asymptomatic/mild COVID-19 disease courses.