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Itk promotes the integration of TCR and CD28 costimulation through its direct substrates SLP-76 and Gads

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Corso,  J.
Research Group of Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, MPI for Biophysical Chemistry, Max Planck Society;

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Urlaub,  H.
Research Group of Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry, MPI for biophysical chemistry, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Hallumi, E., Shalah, R., Lo, W. L., Corso, J., Oz, I., Beach, D., et al. (2021). Itk promotes the integration of TCR and CD28 costimulation through its direct substrates SLP-76 and Gads. The Journal of Immunology, 206(10), 2322-2337. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.2001053.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0009-5729-8
Abstract
The costimulatory receptor CD28 synergizes with the TCR to promote IL-2 production, cell survival, and proliferation; yet the obligatory interdependence of TCR and CD28 signaling is not well understood. Upon TCR stimulation, Gads, a Grb2-family adaptor, bridges the interaction of two additional adaptors, LAT and SLP-76, to form a TCR-induced effector signaling complex. SLP-76 binds the Tec-family tyrosine kinase, Itk, which phosphorylates SLP-76 Y173 and PLC-γ1 Y783. In this study, we identified TCR-inducible, Itk-mediated phosphorylation of Gads Y45 in a human T cell line and in mouse primary T cells. Y45 is found within the N-terminal SH3 domain of Gads, an evolutionarily conserved domain with no known signaling function. Gads Y45 phosphorylation depended on the interaction of Gads with SLP-76 and on the dimerization-dependent binding of Gads to phospho-LAT. We provide evidence that Itk acts through SLP-76 and Gads to promote the TCR/CD28–induced activation of the RE/AP transcriptional element from the IL-2 promoter. Two Itk-related features of SLP-76, Y173 and a proline-rich Itk SH3 binding motif on SLP-76, were dispensable for activation of NFAT but selectively required for the TCR/CD28–induced increase in cytoplasmic and nuclear c-Rel and consequent RE/AP activation. We provide evidence that unphosphorylated, monomeric Gads mediates an RE/AP–directed inhibitory activity that is mitigated upon Gads dimerization and Y45 phosphorylation. This study illuminates a new, to our knowledge, regulatory module, in which TCR-induced, Itk-mediated phosphorylation sites on SLP-76 and Gads control the transcriptional response to TCR/CD28 costimulation, thus enforcing the obligatory interdependence of the TCR and CD28 signaling pathways.