Human impact erodes chimpanzee behavioral diversity

Kühl, Hjalmar S.; Boesch, Christophe; Kulik, Lars; Haas, Fabian; Arandjelovic, Milica; Dieguez, Paula; Bocksberger, Gaëlle; McElreath, Mary Brooke; Agbor, Anthony; Angedakin, Samuel; Ayimisin, Ayuk Emmanuel; Bailey, Emma; Barubiyo, Donatienne; Bessone, Mattia; Brazzola, Gregory; Chancellor, Rebecca; Cohen, Heather; Coupland, Charlotte; Danquah, Emmanuel; Deschner, Tobias; Dowd, Dervla; Dunn, Andrew; Egbe, Villard Ebot; Eshuis, Henk; Goedmakers, Annemarie; Granjon, Anne-Céline; Head, Josephine S.; Hedwig, Daniela; Hermans, Veerle; Imong, Inaoyom; Jeffery, Kathryn J.; Jones, Sorrel; Junker, Jessica; Kadam, Parag; Kambere, Mbangi; Kambi, Mohamed; Kienast, Ivonne; Kujirakwinja, Deo; Langergraber, Kevin; Lapuente, Juan; Larson, Bradley; Lee, Kevin; Leinert, Vera; Llana, Manuel; Maretti, Giovanna; Marrocoli, Sergio; Martin, Rumen; Mbi, Tanyi Julius; Meier, Amelia; Morgan, Bethan; Morgan, David; Mulindahabi, Felix; Murai, Mizuki; Neil, Emily; Niyigaba, Protais; Ormsby, Lucy Jayne; Orume, Robinson; Pacheco, Liliana; Piel, Alex; Preece, Jodie; Regnaut, Sebastien; Rundus, Aaron; Sanz, Crickette; van Schijndel, Joost; Sommer, Volker; Stewart, Fiona; Tagg, Nikki; Vendras, Elleni; Vergnes, Virginie; Welsh, Adam; Wessling, Erin G.; Willie, Jacob; Wittig, Roman M.; Yuh, Yisa Ginath; Yurkiw, Kyle; Zuberbuehler, Klaus; Kalan, Ammie K.

doi:10.1126/science.aau4532

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Human impact erodes chimpanzee behavioral diversity

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Kühl, Hjalmar S.
Chimpanzees, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;
Great Ape Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons72593

Boesch, Christophe
Chimpanzees, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;
Great Ape Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons73418

Kulik, Lars
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons230959

Haas, Fabian
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons72566

Arandjelovic, Milica
Chimpanzees, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;
Great Ape Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons192158

Dieguez, Paula
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons182632

Bocksberger, Gaëlle
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons204020

McElreath, Mary Brooke
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons199923

Agbor, Anthony
Great Ape Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons207390

Angedakin, Samuel
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons220640

Ayimisin, Ayuk Emmanuel
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons230961

Bailey, Emma
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons230963

Barubiyo, Donatienne
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons220642

Bessone, Mattia
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons220644

Brazzola, Gregory
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons206536

Cohen, Heather
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons230965

Coupland, Charlotte
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons72641

Deschner, Tobias
Chimpanzees, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;
Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons230968

Egbe, Villard Ebot
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons200021

Eshuis, Henk
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons192513

Granjon, Anne-Céline
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;
The Leipzig School of Human Origins (IMPRS), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons72737

Head, Josephine S.
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons207405

Jones, Sorrel
Great Ape Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons73648

Junker, Jessica
Great Ape Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons230974

Kambere, Mbangi
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons230976

Kambi, Mohamed
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons230978

Kienast, Ivonne
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons207408

Lapuente, Juan
Great Ape Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons230980

Larson, Bradley
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons200019

Lee, Kevin
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons220646

Maretti, Giovanna
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons192161

Marrocoli, Sergio
Great Ape Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons230982

Mbi, Tanyi Julius
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons203929

Meier, Amelia
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons123126

Murai, Mizuki
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons206490

Neil, Emily
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons220650

Ormsby, Lucy Jayne
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons230984

Preece, Jodie
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons207389

van Schijndel, Joost
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons206542

Vendras, Elleni
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons206540

Welsh, Adam
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons180002

Wessling, Erin G.
Great Ape Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons73044

Wittig, Roman M.
Chimpanzees, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons207402

Yuh, Yisa Ginath
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons230986

Yurkiw, Kyle
Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons104419

Kalan, Ammie K.
Chimpanzees, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;
Great Ape Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Kühl, H. S., Boesch, C., Kulik, L., Haas, F., Arandjelovic, M., Dieguez, P., et al. (2019). Human impact erodes chimpanzee behavioral diversity. Science, 363(6434), 1453-1455. doi:10.1126/science.aau4532.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0009-C418-F

Abstract

Chimpanzees possess a large number of behavioral and cultural traits among non-human species. The ‘disturbance hypothesis’ predicts that human impact depletes resources and disrupts social learning processes necessary for behavioral and cultural transmission. We used an unprecedented data set of 144 chimpanzee communities, with information on 31 behaviors, to show that chimpanzees inhabiting areas with high human impact have a mean probability of occurrence reduced by 88%, across all behaviors, compared to low impact areas. This behavioral diversity loss was evident irrespective of the grouping or categorization of behaviors. Therefore, human impact may not only be associated with the loss of populations and genetic diversity, but also affects how animals behave. Our results support the view that ‘culturally significant units’ should be integrated into wildlife conservation.