Discovery of a protocluster core associated with an enormous Lya nebula at z=2.3

Li, Qiong; Wang, Ran; Dannerbauer, Helmut; Cai, Zheng; Emonts, Bjorn; Prochaska, Jason Xavier; Arrigoni Battaia, Fabrizio; Neri, Roberto; Zhang, Chengpeng; Fan, Xiaohui; Jin, Shuowen; Yoon, Ilsang; Bechtel, Shane

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac29c6

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Discovery of a protocluster core associated with an enormous Lya nebula at z=2.3

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Arrigoni Battaia, Fabrizio
Galaxy Formation, Cosmology, MPI for Astrophysics, Max Planck Society;

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Li, Q., Wang, R., Dannerbauer, H., Cai, Z., Emonts, B., Prochaska, J. X., et al. (2021). Discovery of a protocluster core associated with an enormous Lya nebula at z=2.3. The Astrophysical Journal, 922(2): 236. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac29c6.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0009-CA11-0

Abstract

The MAMMOTH-1 nebula at z = 2.317 is an enormous Lyα nebula (ELAN) extending to a ∼440 kpc scale at the center of the extreme galaxy overdensity BOSS 1441. In this paper, we present observations of the CO(3 − 2) and 250 GHz dust-continuum emission from MAMMOTH-1 using the IRAM NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array. Our observations show that CO(3 − 2) emission in this ELAN has not extended widespread emission into the circum- and inter-galactic media. We also find a remarkable concentration of six massive galaxies in CO(3 − 2) emission in the central ∼100 kpc region of the ELAN. Their velocity dispersions suggest a total halo mass of M_200c ∼ 10^13.1M_⊙, marking a possible protocluster core associated with the ELAN. The peak position of the CO(3 − 2) line emission from the obscured AGN is consistent with the location of the intensity peak of MAMMOTH-1 in the rest-frame UV band. Its luminosity line ratio between the CO(3 − 2) and CO(1 − 0)r_3,1 is 0.61 ± 0.17. The other five galaxies have CO(3 − 2) luminosities in the range of (2.1–7.1) × 10⁹ K km s⁻¹ pc², with the star-formation rates derived from the 250 GHz continuum of (<36)–224 M_⊙ yr⁻¹. Follow-up spectroscopic observations will further confirm more member galaxies and improve the accuracy of the halo mass estimation.