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Journal Article

Perceptual Gains and Losses in Synesthesia and Schizophrenia

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van Leeuwen,  Tessa M.
Neurophysiology Department, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max Planck Society;
Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour;
Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.;

/persons/resource/persons141796

Sauer,  Andreas
Neurophysiology Department, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max Planck Society;
Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.;

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Jurjut,  A.-M.
Neurophysiology Department, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max Planck Society;

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Uhlhaas,  Peter
Neurophysiology Department, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max Planck Society;
Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow;
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.;

/persons/resource/persons141798

Singer,  Wolf
Neurophysiology Department, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max Planck Society;
Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.;
Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.;

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Melloni,  Lucia
Neurophysiology Department, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max Planck Society;
Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY;
Department of Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.;

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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33150444/
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Citation

van Leeuwen, T. M., Sauer, A., Jurjut, A.-M., Wibral, M., Uhlhaas, P., Singer, W., et al. (2021). Perceptual Gains and Losses in Synesthesia and Schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull., 47(3), 722-730. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbaa162.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0009-D153-D
Abstract
Individual differences in perception are widespread. Considering inter-individual variability, synesthetes experience stable additional sensations; schizophrenia patients suffer perceptual deficits in, eg, perceptual organization (alongside hallucinations and delusions). Is there a unifying principle explaining inter-individual variability in perception? There is good reason to believe perceptual experience results from inferential processes whereby sensory evidence is weighted by prior knowledge about the world. Perceptual variability may result from different precision weighting of sensory evidence and prior knowledge. We tested this hypothesis by comparing visibility thresholds in a perceptual hysteresis task across medicated schizophrenia patients (N = 20), synesthetes (N = 20), and controls (N = 26). Participants rated the subjective visibility of stimuli embedded in noise while we parametrically manipulated the availability of sensory evidence. Additionally, precise long-term priors in synesthetes were leveraged by presenting either synesthesia-inducing or neutral stimuli. Schizophrenia patients showed increased visibility thresholds, consistent with overreliance on sensory evidence. In contrast, synesthetes exhibited lowered thresholds exclusively for synesthesia-inducing stimuli suggesting high-precision long-term priors. Additionally, in both synesthetes and schizophrenia patients explicit, short-term priors-introduced during the hysteresis experiment-lowered thresholds but did not normalize perception. Our results imply that perceptual variability might result from differences in the precision afforded to prior beliefs and sensory evidence, respectively.