LMC N132D: A mature supernova remnant with a power-law gamma-ray spectrum 
extending beyond 8 TeV

H.E.S.S. Collaboration; Abdalla, H.; Aharonian, F.; Ait Benkhali, F.; Angüner, E. O.; Arcaro, C.; Armand, C.; Armstrong, T.; Ashkar, H.; Backes, M.; Baghmanyan, V.; Barbosa Martins, V.; Barnacka, A.; Barnard, M.; Batzofin, R.; Becherini, Y.; Berge, D.; Bernlöhr, K.; Bi, B.; Böttcher, M.; Boisson, C.; Bolmont, J.; Bony de de Lavergne, M.; Breuhaus, M.; Brose, R.; Brun, F.; Bulik, T.; Bylund, T.; Cangemi, F.; Caroff, S.; Casanova, S.; Catalano, J.; Chambery, P.; Chand, T.; Chen, A.; Cotter, G.; Curyło, M.; Damascene Mbarubucyeye, J.; Davids, I. D.; Davies, J.; Devin, J.; Djannati-Ataï, A.; Dmytriiev, A.; Donath, A.; Doroshenko, V.; Dreyer, L.; Du Plessis, L.; Duffy, C.; Egberts, K.; Einecke, S.; Ernenwein, J.-P.; Fegan, S.; Feijen, K.; Fiasson, A.; Fichet de Clairfontaine, G.; Fontaine, G.; Lott, F.; Füßling, M.; Funk, S.; Gabici, S.; Gallant, Y. A.; Giavitto, G.; Giunti, L.; Glawion, D.; Glicenstein, J. F.; Grondin, M.-H.; Hattingh, S.; Haupt, M.; Hermann, G.; Hinton, J. A.; Hofmann, W.; Hoischen, C.; Holch, T. L.; Holler, M.; Hörbe, M.; Horns, D.; Huang, Zhiqiu; Huber, D.; Jamrozy, M.; Jankowsky, F.; Joshi, V.; Jung-Richardt, I.; Kasai, E.; Katarzyński, K.; Katz, U.; Khangulyan, D.; Khélifi, B.; Klepser, S.; Kluźniak, W.; Komin, Nu.; Konno, R.; Kosack, K.; Kostunin, D.; Kreter, M.; Kukec Mezek, G.; Kundu, A.; Lamanna, G.; Le Stum, S.; Lemière, A.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lenain, J.-P.; Leuschner, F.; Levy, C.; Lohse, T.; Luashvili, A.; Lypova, I.; Mackey, J.; Majumdar, J.; Malyshev, D.; Malyshev, D.; Marandon, V.; Marchegiani, P.; Marcowith, A.; Mares, A.; Martí-Devesa, G.; Marx, R.; Maurin, G.; Meintjes, P. J.; Meyer, M.; Mitchell, A.; Moderski, R.; Mohrmann, L.; Montanari, A.; Moore, C.; Moulin, E.; Muller, J.; Murach, T.; Nakashima, K.; de Naurois, M.; Nayerhoda, A.; Ndiyavala, H.; Niemiec, J.; Priyana Noel, A.; O’Brien, P.; Oberholzer, L.; Odaka, H.; Ohm, S.; Olivera Nieto, L.; de Ona Wilhelmi, E.; Ostrowski, M.; Panny, S.; Panter, M.; Parsons, R. D.; Peron, G.; Pita, S.; Poireau, V.; Prokhorov, D. A.; Prokoph, H.; Pühlhofer, G.; Punch, M.; Quirrenbach, A.; Reichherzer, P.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Remy, Q.; Renaud, M.; Reville, B.; Rieger, F.; Romoli, C.; Rowell, G.; Rudak, B.; Rueda Ricarte, H.; Ruiz-Velasco, E.; Sahakian, V.; Sailer, S.; Salzmann, H.; Sanchez, D. A.; Santangelo, A.; Sasaki, M.; Schäfer, J.; Schüssler, F.; Schutte, H. M.; Schwanke, U.; Senniappan, M.; Seyffert, A. S.; Shapopi, J. N. S.; Shiningayamwe, K.; Simoni, R.; Sinha, A.; Sol, H.; Specovius, A.; Spencer, S.; Spir-Jacob, M.; Stawarz, Ł.; Steenkamp, R.; Stegmann, C.; Steinmassl, S.; Steppa, C.; Sun, L.; Takahashi, T.; Tanaka, T.; Tavernier, T.; Taylor, A. M.; Terrier, R.; Thiersen, J. H. E.; Thorpe-Morgan, C.; Tluczykont, M.; Tomankova, L.; Tsirou, M.; Tsuji, N.; Tuffs, R.; Uchiyama, Y.; van der Walt, D. J.; van Eldik, C.; van Rensburg, C.; van Soelen, B.; Vasileiadis, G.; Veh, J.; Venter, C.; Vincent, P.; Vink, J.; Völk, H. J.; Wagner, S. J.; Watson, J.; Hofmann, W.; White, R.; Wierzcholska, A.; Wong, Yu Wun; Yassin, H.; Yusafzai, A.; Zacharias, M.; Zanin, R.; Zargaryan, D.; Zdziarski, A. A.; Zech, A.; Zhu, S. J.; Zmija, A.; Zouari, S.; Żywucka, N.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141486

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LMC N132D: A mature supernova remnant with a power-law gamma-ray spectrum extending beyond 8 TeV

MPS-Authors

/persons/resource/persons30244

Aharonian, F.
Division Prof. Dr. James A. Hinton, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons73513

Ait Benkhali, F.
Division Prof. Dr. James A. Hinton, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons30300

Bernlöhr, K.
Division Prof. Dr. James A. Hinton, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons226175

Breuhaus, M.
Division Prof. Dr. James A. Hinton, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons30418

Donath, A.
Division Prof. Dr. James A. Hinton, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons30584

Hermann, G.
Division Prof. Dr. James A. Hinton, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons30597

Hinton, J. A.
Division Prof. Dr. James A. Hinton, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons30605

Hofmann, W.
Prof. Werner Hofmann, Emeriti, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons291841

Huang, Zhiqiu
Brian Reville, Astrophysical Plasma Theory (APT) - Max Planck Research Group, Junior Research Groups, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons37725

Marandon, V.
Division Prof. Dr. James A. Hinton, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons104499

Mitchell, A.
Division Prof. Dr. Werner Hofmann, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons242418

Olivera Nieto, L.
Division Prof. Dr. James A. Hinton, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons30878

Panter, M.
Division Prof. Dr. James A. Hinton, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons203760

Peron, G.
Division Prof. Dr. James A. Hinton, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons239564

Remy, Q.
Division Prof. Dr. James A. Hinton, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons30940

Reville, B.
Brian Reville, Astrophysical Plasma Theory (APT) - Max Planck Research Group, Junior Research Groups, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons30943

Rieger, F.
Division Prof. Dr. James A. Hinton, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons243412

Romoli, C.
Division Prof. Dr. James A. Hinton, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons252628

Ruiz-Velasco, E.
Division Prof. Dr. James A. Hinton, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons197757

Sailer, S.
Division Prof. Dr. James A. Hinton, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons240503

Steinmassl, S.
Division Prof. Dr. James A. Hinton, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons291920

Tsirou, M.
Brian Reville, Astrophysical Plasma Theory (APT) - Max Planck Research Group, Junior Research Groups, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons31117

Tuffs, R.
Division Prof. Dr. James A. Hinton, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons31141

Völk, H. J.
Prof. Heinrich J. Völk, Emeriti, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons30605

Hofmann, W.
Prof. Werner Hofmann, Emeriti, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons146341

White, R.
Division Prof. Dr. James A. Hinton, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

/persons/resource/persons216888

Zanin, R.
Division Prof. Dr. James A. Hinton, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

H.E.S.S. Collaboration, Abdalla, H., Aharonian, F., Ait Benkhali, F., Angüner, E. O., Arcaro, C., et al. (2021). LMC N132D: A mature supernova remnant with a power-law gamma-ray spectrum extending beyond 8 TeV. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 655: A7. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141486.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0009-DD0F-F

Abstract

Context. Supernova remnants (SNRs) are commonly thought to be the dominant sources of Galactic cosmic rays up to the knee of the cosmic-ray spectrum at a few PeV. Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes have revealed young SNRs as very-high-energy (VHE, >100 GeV) gamma-ray sources, but for only a few SNRs the hadronic cosmic-ray origin of their gamma-ray emission is indisputably established. In all these cases, the gamma-ray spectra exhibit a spectral cutoff at energies much below 100 TeV and thus do not reach the PeVatron regime.

Aims. The aim of this work was to achieve a firm detection for the oxygen-rich SNR LMC N132D in the VHE gamma-ray domain with an extended set of data, and to clarify the spectral characteristics and the localization of the gamma-ray emission from this exceptionally powerful gamma-ray-emitting SNR.

Methods. We analyzed 252 h of High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) observations towards SNR N132D that were accumulated between December 2004 and March 2016 during a deep survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud, adding 104 h of observations to the previously published data set to ensure a > 5σ detection. To broaden the gamma-ray spectral coverage required for modeling the spectral energy distribution, an analysis of Fermi-LAT Pass 8 data was also included.

Results. We unambiguously detect N132D at VHE with a significance of 5.7σ. We report the results of a detailed analysis of its spectrum and localization based on the extended H.E.S.S. data set. The joint analysis of the extended H.E.S.S and Fermi-LAT data results in a spectral energy distribution in the energy range from 1.7 GeV to 14.8 TeV, which suggests a high luminosity of N132D at GeV and TeV energies. We set a lower limit on a gamma-ray cutoff energy of 8 TeV with a confidence level of 95%. The new gamma-ray spectrum as well as multiwavelength observations of N132D when compared to physical models suggests a hadronic origin of the VHE gamma-ray emission.

Conclusions. SNR N132D is a VHE gamma-ray source that shows a spectrum extending to the VHE domain without a spectral cutoff at a few TeV, unlike the younger oxygen-rich SNR Cassiopeia A. The gamma-ray emission is best explained by a dominant hadronic component formed by diffusive shock acceleration. The gamma-ray properties of N132D may be affected by an interaction with a nearby molecular cloud that partially lies inside the 95% confidence region of the source position.