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Van der Waals epitaxy growth of 2D ferromagnetic Cr(1+δ)Te2 nanolayers with concentration-tunable magnetic anisotropy

MPS-Authors
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Mohseni,  Katayoon
Nano-Systems from Ions, Spins and Electrons, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Max Planck Society;

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Meyerheim,  Holger L.
Department of Synthetic Materials and Functional Devices (SMFD), Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Max Planck Society;

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Kostanovskiy,  Ilya
Nano-Systems from Ions, Spins and Electrons, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Max Planck Society;

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https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0070079
(Publisher version)

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5.0070079.pdf
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Citation

Lasek, K., Coelho, P. M., Gargiani, P., Valvidares, M., Mohseni, K., Meyerheim, H. L., et al. (2022). Van der Waals epitaxy growth of 2D ferromagnetic Cr(1+δ)Te2 nanolayers with concentration-tunable magnetic anisotropy. Applied Physics Reviews, 9(1): 011409. doi:10.1063/5.0070079.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000A-085C-7
Abstract
Cr(1+δ)Te2 are pseudo-layered compounds consisting of CrTe2 transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) layers with additional (δ) self-intercalated Cr atoms. The recent search for ferromagnetic 2D materials revived the interest into chromium tellurides. Here, Cr(1+δ)Te2 nanolayers are epitaxially grown on MoS2 (0001), forming prototypical van der Waals heterostructures. Under optimized growth conditions, ultrathin films of only two TMD layers with a single intercalated Cr-layer are achieved, forming a 2D sheet with van der Waals surfaces. Detailed compositional and structural characterization by scanning tunneling microscopy, grazing incidence x-ray diffraction, and high-resolution Rutherford backscattering indicate the layer-by-layer growth and that the δ can be tuned by post-growth annealing in a range between ∼0.5 and 1. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism and magnetometry measurements demonstrate that all self-intercalated Cr(1+δ)Te2 nanolayers exhibit strong ferromagnetism with magnetic moments larger than 3μB per Cr-atom. The magnetic properties are maintained in the ultrathin limit of a material with a single intercalation layer. Interestingly, the magnetic anisotropy can be tuned from close to isotropic (δ = 1) to a desirable perpendicular anisotropy for low δ values. Thus, the bottom-up growth of these 2D Cr(1+δ)Te2 sheets is a promising approach for designing magnetic van der Waals heterostructures.