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climpred: Verification of weather and climate forecasts

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Spring,  Aaron       
IMPRS on Earth System Modelling, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;
Ocean Biogeochemistry, The Ocean in the Earth System, MPI for Meteorology, Max Planck Society;

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10.21105.joss.02781.pdf
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Citation

Brady, R. X., & Spring, A. (2021). climpred: Verification of weather and climate forecasts. The Journal of Open Source Software, 6(59): 2781. doi:10.21105/joss.02781.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000A-1DF3-4
Abstract
Predicting extreme events and variations in weather and climate provides crucial information
for economic, social, and environmental decision-making (Merryfield et al., 2020). However,
quantifying prediction skill for multi-dimensional geospatial model output is computationally
expensive and a difficult coding challenge. The large datasets (order gigabytes to terabytes)
require parallel and out-of-memory computing to be analyzed efficiently. Further, aligning the
many forecast initializations with differing observational products is a straight-forward, but
exhausting and error-prone exercise for researchers.
To simplify and standardize forecast verification across scales from hourly weather to decadal
climate forecasts, we built climpred: a community-driven python package for computationally
efficient and methodologically consistent verification of ensemble prediction models. The code
base is maintained through open-source development. It leverages xarray (Hoyer & Hamman,
2017) to anticipate core prediction ensemble dimensions (ensemble member, initialization
date and lead time) and dask (Dask Development Team, 2016; Rocklin, 2015) to perform
out-of-memory and parallelized computations on large datasets.
climpred aims to offer a comprehensive set of analysis tools for assessing the quality of
dynamical forecasts relative to verification products (e.g., observations, reanalysis products,
control simulations). The package includes a suite of deterministic and probabilistic verifica-
tion metrics that are constantly expanded by the community and are generally organized in
our companion package, xskillscore.