Pseudoheterodyne near-field imaging at kHz repetition rates via 
quadrature-assisted discrete demodulation

Palato, Samuel; Schwendke, Philipp; Große, Nicolai; Stähler, Julia

doi:10.1063/5.0087187

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Pseudoheterodyne near-field imaging at kHz repetition rates via quadrature-assisted discrete demodulation

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Palato, Samuel
Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute, Max Planck Society;
Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin;

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Schwendke, Philipp
Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute, Max Planck Society;
Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin;

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Große, Nicolai
Interface Science, Fritz Haber Institute, Max Planck Society;

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Stähler, Julia
Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute, Max Planck Society;
Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin;

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Zitation

Palato, S., Schwendke, P., Große, N., & Stähler, J. (2022). Pseudoheterodyne near-field imaging at kHz repetition rates via quadrature-assisted discrete demodulation. Applied Physics Letters, 120(13): 131601. doi:10.1063/5.0087187.

Zitierlink: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000A-3926-C

Zusammenfassung

Scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy enables the measurement of optical constants of a surface beyond the diffraction limit.
Its compatibility with pulsed sources is hampered by the requirement of a high-repetition rate imposed by lock-in detection. We describe a
sampling method, called quadrature-assisted discrete (quad) demodulation, which circumvents this constraint. Quad demodulation operates
by measuring the optical signal and the modulation phases for each individual light pulse. This method retrieves the near-field signal in the
pseudoheterodyne mode, as proven by retraction curves and near-field images. Measurement of the near-field using a pulsed femtosecond
amplifier and quad demodulation is in agreement with results obtained using a CW laser and the standard lock-in detection method.