Genome-wide study of a Neolithic Wartberg grave community reveals distinct HLA 
variation and hunter-gatherer ancestry

Immel, A; Pierini, F; Rinne, C; Meadows, J; Barquera, R; Szolek, A; Susat, J; Böhme, L; Dose, J.; Bonczarowska, J; Drummer, C; Fuchs, K; Ellinghaus, D; Kässens, JC; Furholt, M; Kohlbacher, O; Schade-Lindig, S; Franke, A; Krause, J; Müller, J; Lenz, JL; Nebel, A; Krause-Kyora, B

doi:10.1038/s42003-020-01627-4

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Genome-wide study of a Neolithic Wartberg grave community reveals distinct HLA variation and hunter-gatherer ancestry

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Kohlbacher, O
Research Group Biomolecular Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Immel, A., Pierini, F., Rinne, C., Meadows, J., Barquera, R., Szolek, A., et al. (2021). Genome-wide study of a Neolithic Wartberg grave community reveals distinct HLA variation and hunter-gatherer ancestry. Communications Biology, 4(1): 113. doi:10.1038/s42003-020-01627-4.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000A-531E-8

Abstract

The Wartberg culture (WBC, 3500-2800 BCE) dates to the Late Neolithic period, a time of important demographic and cultural transformations in western Europe. We performed genome-wide analyses of 42 individuals who were interred in a WBC collective burial in Niedertiefenbach, Germany (3300-3200 cal. BCE). The results showed that the farming population of Niedertiefenbach carried a surprisingly large hunter-gatherer ancestry component (34-58%). This component was most likely introduced during the cultural transformation that led to the WBC. In addition, the Niedertiefenbach individuals exhibited a distinct human leukocyte antigen gene pool, possibly reflecting an immune response that was geared towards detecting viral infections.