SARS-CoV-2-derived peptides define heterologous and COVID-19-induced T cell 
recognition

Nelde, A; Bilich, T; Heitmann, JS; Maringer, Y; Salih, HR; Roerden, M; Luebke, M; Bauer, J; Rieth, J; Wacker, M; Peter, A; Hörber, S; Traenkle, B; Kaiser, PD; Rothbauer , U; Becker, M; Junker, D; Krause, D; Strengert, M; Schneiderhan-Marra , N; Templin, MF; Joos, TO; Kowalewski, DJ; Stos-Zweifel, V; Fehr, M; Rabsteyn, A; Mirakaj, V; Karbach, J; Jäger, E; Graf, M; Gruber, L-C; Rachfalski, D; Preuß, B; Hagelstein , I; Märklin, M; Bakchoul, T; Gouttefangeas, C; Kohlbacher, O; Klein, R; Stevanović, S; Rammensee, H-G; Walz, JS

doi:10.1038/s41590-020-00808-x

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SARS-CoV-2-derived peptides define heterologous and COVID-19-induced T cell recognition

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Kohlbacher, O
Research Group Biomolecular Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Nelde, A., Bilich, T., Heitmann, J., Maringer, Y., Salih, H., Roerden, M., et al. (2021). SARS-CoV-2-derived peptides define heterologous and COVID-19-induced T cell recognition. Nature Immunology, 22(1), 74-85. doi:10.1038/s41590-020-00808-x.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000A-548D-9

Abstract

T cell immunity is central for the control of viral infections. To characterize T cell immunity, but also for the development of vaccines, identification of exact viral T cell epitopes is fundamental. Here we identify and characterize multiple dominant and subdominant SARS-CoV-2 HLA class I and HLA-DR peptides as potential T cell epitopes in COVID-19 convalescent and unexposed individuals. SARS-CoV-2-specific peptides enabled detection of post-infectious T cell immunity, even in seronegative convalescent individuals. Cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 peptides revealed pre-existing T cell responses in 81% of unexposed individuals and validated similarity with common cold coronaviruses, providing a functional basis for heterologous immunity in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Diversity of SARS-CoV-2 T cell responses was associated with mild symptoms of COVID-19, providing evidence that immunity requires recognition of multiple epitopes. Together, the proposed SARS-CoV-2 T cell epitopes enable identification of heterologous and post-infectious T cell immunity and facilitate development of diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic measures for COVID-19.