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Abstract

This invention describes methods and systems for the fabrication and application of Magnetically Actuated Propellers (MAPs). MAPs are structures with typical feature sizes in the range of 20 nanometers up to 100 microns in one spatial dimension. MAPs are propellers that can be obtained from nano-structured surfaces and that can be produced in large numbers. MAPs are propelled and controlled by magnetic fields. The biomedical, surgical, therapeutic, diagnostic, and rheological applications of the fabricated MAPs are also disclosed. The MAPs described in this patent are optimized for low Reynolds number propulsion and can be moved in fluids and biological tissues. MAPs are useful for measurements, quantification, imaging and sensing purposes e.g. detecting biomolecules and for the controlled transportation of (drug- and bio-) molecules and the delivery of microscopic and nanoscale objects and/or materials or systems of therapeutic value.