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High-harmonic generation in liquids with few-cycle pulses: effect of laser-pulse duration on the cut-off energy

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Neufeld,  O.
Theory Group, Theory Department, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Max Planck Society;
Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY;

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Tancogne-Dejean,  N.
Theory Group, Theory Department, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Max Planck Society;
Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY;

/persons/resource/persons22028

Rubio,  A.
Theory Group, Theory Department, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Max Planck Society;
Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY;
Center for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ), The Flatiron Institute;

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Citation

Mondal, A., Waser, B., Balciunas, T., Neufeld, O., Yin, Z., Tancogne-Dejean, N., et al. (2022). High-harmonic generation in liquids with few-cycle pulses: effect of laser-pulse duration on the cut-off energy.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000B-4546-9
Abstract
High-harmonic generation (HHG) in liquids is opening new opportunities for attosecond light sources and attosecond time-resolved studies of dynamics in the liquid phase. In gas-phase HHG, few-cycle pulses are routinely used to create isolated attosecond pulses and to extend the cut-off energy. Here, we study the properties of HHG in liquids, including water and several alcohols, by continuously tuning the pulse duration of a mid-infrared driver from the multi- to the sub-two-cycle regime. Similar to the gas phase, we observe the transition from discrete odd-order harmonics to continuous extreme-ultraviolet emission. However, the cut-off energy is shown to be entirely independent of the pulse duration. This observation is confirmed by ab-initio simulations of HHG in large clusters. Our results support the notion that the cut-off energy is a fundamental property of the liquid, independent of the driving-pulse properties. Combined with the recently reported wavelength-independence of the cutoff, these results confirm the direct sensitivity of HHG to the mean-free paths of slow electrons in liquids. Our results additionally imply that few-cycle mid-infrared laser pulses are suitable drivers for generating isolated attosecond pulses from liquids.