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Abstract

Ultra-fast nano-optics is a comparatively young and rapidly growing field of research aiming at probing, manipulating and controlling ultrafast optical excitations on nanometer length scales. This ability to control light on nanometric length and femtosecond time scales opens up exciting possibilities for probing dynamic processes in nanostructures in real time and space. This article gives a brief introduction into the emerging research field of ultrafast nano-optics and discusses recent progress made in it. A particular emphasis is laid on the recent experimental work performed in the authors' laboratories. We specifically discuss how ultrafast nano-optical techniques can be used to probe and manipulate coherent optical excitations in individual and dipole-coupled pairs of quantum dots, probe the dynamics of surface plasmon polariton excitations in metallic nanostructures, generate novel nanometer-sized ultrafast light and electron sources and reveal the dipole interaction between excitons and surface plasmon polaritons in hybrid metal-semiconductor nanostructures. Our results indicate that such hybrid nanostructures carry significant potential for realizing novel nano-optical devices such as ultrafast nano-optical switches as well as surface plasmon polariton amplifiers and lasers.