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Environmental variability in aquatic ecosystems: avenues for future multifactorial experiments

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Raatz,  Michael
Department Evolutionary Theory, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Gerhard, M., Koussoroplis, A., Raatz, M., Pansch, C., Fey, S. B., Vajedsamiei, J., et al. (2023). Environmental variability in aquatic ecosystems: avenues for future multifactorial experiments. Limnology and Oceanography Letters, 8(2), 247-266. doi:10.1002/lol2.10286.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000B-63D1-9
Abstract
The relevance of considering environmental variability for understanding and predicting biological responses to environmental changes has resulted in a recent surge in variability-focused ecological research. However, integration of findings that emerge across studies and identification of remaining knowledge gaps in aquatic ecosystems remain critical. Here, we address these aspects by: (1) summarizing relevant terms of variability research including the components (characteristics) of variability and key interactions when considering multiple environmental factors; (2) identifying conceptual frameworks for understanding the consequences of environmental variability in single and multi-factorial scenarios; (3) highlighting challenges for bridging theoretical and experimental studies involving transitioning from simple to more complex scenarios; (4) proposing improved approaches to overcome current mismatches between theoretical predictions and experimental observations; and (5) providing a guide for designing integrated experiments across multiple scales, degrees of control, and complexity in light of their specific strengths and limitations.