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Abstract

Dopamine (DA) is an important catecholamine neurotransmitter associated with learning, depression, addiction, and memory loss with simultaneously coordinating the movement and reward-associated behavior. It is very important to design highly effective and sensitive sensors for the detection of DA. However, it remains a challenge for detecting DA to obtain selectively and rapidly sensing materials. In this work, we chose octahedral-coordinated squarate-based MOFs with dense Lewis active centers as electrode materials to investigate the electrochemical performance of dopamine oxidation. The multiple ligand functional groups in squarate-based MOFs enable noncovalent interaction with diols, amines, and phenyl groups of DA molecules through electrostatic, H-bonding, and/or π-π stacking interactions. The modified electrode exhibits a wide linear current response range between 2 μM and 400 μM for DA, and the sensor shows significant selectivity and stability. This work enriches the application library of redox-active squarate compounds and can give us a better comprehension of the design and selection of electrode materials for electrochemical sensing and even more catalysis-related research.