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Agriculture in the Karakum: an archaeobotanical analysis from Togolok 1, southern Turkmenistan (ca. 2300–1700 B.C.)

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Billings,  Traci
Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Max Planck Society;

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Dal Martello,  Rita
Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Max Planck Society;

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Boivin,  Nicole
Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Max Planck Society;

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Spengler,  Robert N.
Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Billings, T., Cerasetti, B., Forni, L., Arciero, R., Dal Martello, R., Carra, M., et al. (2022). Agriculture in the Karakum: an archaeobotanical analysis from Togolok 1, southern Turkmenistan (ca. 2300–1700 B.C.). Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 10: 995490. doi:10.3389/fevo.2022.995490.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000B-6766-F
Abstract
Southern Central Asia witnessed widespread expansion in urbanism and exchange, between roughly 2200 and 1500 B.C., fostering a new cultural florescence, sometimes referred to as the Greater Khorasan Civilization. Decades of detailed archeological investigation have focused on the development of urban settlements, political systems, and inter-regional exchange within and across the broader region, but little is known about the agricultural systems that supported these cultural changes. In this paper, we present the archaeobotanical results of material recovered from Togolok 1, a proto-urban settlement along the Murghab River alluvial fan located in southeastern Turkmenistan. This macrobotanical assemblage dates to the late 3rd